1. WCRP and WWRP-THORPEX YOTC (Year of Tropical Convection) Project, Single Parameter 3-Hourly Pressure Level Forecast Time Series, Transformed to a Regular 1600x800 (N400) Gaussian Grid, Dynamical Parameters Only (ds629.6)

The realistic representation of tropical convection in our global atmospheric models is a long-standing grand challenge for numerical weather forecasts and global climate predictions. Our lack of fundamental knowledge and ...

practical capabilities in this area leaves us disadvantaged in modeling and predicting prominent phenomena of the tropical atmosphere such as the ITCZ, ENSO, TBO, monsoons and their active/break periods, the MJO, subtropical stratus decks, near-surface ocean properties, easterly waves, tropical cyclones, bulk budgets of cloud microphysical quantities, and even the diurnal cycle. Furthermore, tropical weather/climate disturbances strongly influence stratospheric-tropospheric exchange as well as the extratropics, with the later mediated via poleward migration of synoptic systems or through initiating Rossby wave trains that can involve a range of processes and time scales.

To address the challenge of tropical convection, WCRP and WWRP/THORPEX propose a Year of coordinated observing, modeling and forecasting of organized tropical convection and its influences on predictability as a contribution to the United Nations Year of Planet Earth to complement the International Polar Year (IPY). This effort is intended to exploit the vast amounts of existing and emerging observations, the expanding computational resources and the development of new, high-resolution modeling frameworks, with the objective of advancing the characterization, diagnosis, modeling, parameterization and prediction of multi-scale convective/dynamic interactions, including the two-way interaction between tropical and extra-tropical weather/climate. This activity and its ultimate success will be based on the coordination of a wide range of ongoing and planned international programmatic activities (e.g., GEWEX/CEOP/GCSS, AMY, EOS, GOOS), strong collaboration among the operational prediction, research laboratory and academic communities, and the construction of a comprehensive data base consisting of satellite data, in-situ data sets and global/high-resolution forecast and simulation model outputs relevant to tropical convection. The proposed timing, focus year approach and integrated framework of this effort is intended to leverage the most benefit from recent investments in Earth Science infrastructure as well as entrain a new generation of young scientists into tackling the outstanding problems in the field of weather and climate prediction.

2. Atmospheric Profiles from COSMIC Occultation Data (ds723.0)

Using a radio occultation technique, scientists are able to use signals broadcast from Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites to retrieve profiles of bending angles, refractivity, temperature, pressure, and water vapor ...

in the atmosphere. Also, profiles of electron density in the ionosphere. Such data are gathered and processed at the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere & Climate (COSMIC) Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC) in Boulder, Colorado. Various products are produced including atmospheric profiles starting from near Earth's surface to the height of the satellites at 800 kilometers (500 miles) above the Earth surface. At this time only atmospheric profiles of bending angle, refractivity, and dry temperature are available. As we receive more data this archive will continue to expand to include more variable p

3. U.K. Met Office Hadley Centre Global Sub-Daily Station Observations (HadISD) (ds463.4)

The Hadley Centre at the U.K. Met Office has created a global sub-daily dataset of several station-observed climatological variables which is derived from and is a subset of the NCDC's ...

Integrated Surface Database. Stations were selected for inclusion into the dataset based on length of the data reporting period and the frequency with which observations were reported. The data were then passed through a suite of automated quality-control tests to remove bad data.

The current version presented here is HadISD.1.0.0.2011f, with data through the year 2011. A preliminary version which includes 2012 data (HadISD.1.0.0.2012p), is available from the HadISD web site. Once that version is made final, we will archive it here in the RDA.

4. NCDC Global Historical Climatology Network Monthly Version 3 (GHCNMV3) (ds564.1)

The Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) is a baseline network of long-running surface global stations for the purpose of monitoring and detecting climate change. Monthly-summarized data from various global sources ...

are processed on a daily basis assembled into version 3 of NCDC's GHCNM dataset. The CISL Research Data Archive is hosting a copy of the monthly-average surface temperatures in support of UCAR's Global Learning and Observation to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) program.

5. ADAPTE: Minimum and Maximum Temperature and Relative Humidity for Latin American Cities Data (ds871.0)

Temperature data classified as maximum, mean, and minimum temperature and relative humidity measures from the meteorological station located at the regional airport in Bogota and Buenos Aries, called the National ...

Service of Hydrology and Meteorology. Mexico data was collected from the National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico and National Meteorological System. In Santiago, Chile weather data was provided by the air pollution monitoring network with stations across the city, the REDCAM2 (Red de Monitoreo Automatica de la Calidad del Aire Metropolitana) Automatic Monitoring Network of Metropolitan Air Quality. The data from these stations were averaged to obtain temperature values for the Gran Santiago region. Daily temperature and relative humidity readings were made by automatic-recording instruments.

6. Arctic Systems Reanalysis Model Output Data (ds631.4)

The Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR) is produced using a high-resolution version of the Polar Weather Forecast Model (PWRF) and the WRF-VAR and High Resolution Land Data Assimilation (HRLDAS) systems that ...

have been optimized for the Arctic. A low-resolution (30km) data set which spans 2000-2010 was released in May 2012 and the model output files are archived in this dataset. They contain data on staggered grids and are netcdf files in WRF model output format. The post-processed final products (netcdf files with data on polar stereographic grids) are available in the ds631.0 dataset.

Issues found in current ASR data. See Note (08/10/2012) for details. New version of ASR data will be released in late 2012.

7. WCRP and WWRP-THORPEX YOTC (Year of Tropical Convection) Project, Single Parameter 6-Hourly Pressure Level Forecast Time Series, Transformed to a Regular 1600x800 (N400) Gaussian Grid (ds629.3)

8. NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSV2) Monthly Products (ds094.2)

The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) is initialized four times per day (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, and 18Z). NCEP upgraded their operational CFS to version 2 ...

on March 30, 2011. This is the same model that was used to create the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). CFSV2 monthly atmospheric, oceanic and land surface output products are available at 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.9, and 2.5 degree horizontal resolutions as 6-hourly diurnal monthly means (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, and 18Z) and regular full monthly means. As a value-add for longer-term climate research, the CISL RDA has created timeseries of individual parameters/levels from the regular monthly means. These products, beginning in January 2011, are an extension of CFSR. For more information about CFS, please see http://cfs.ncep.noaa.gov/.

9. WCRP and WWRP-THORPEX YOTC (Year of Tropical Convection) Project, Single Parameter 6-Hourly Pressure Level Analysis Time Series, Transformed to a Regular 1600x800 (N400) Gaussian Grid (ds629.2)

10. NCAR Global, 2-hourly Ground-Based GPS Precipitable Water (ds721.1)

NCAR global, 2-hourly GPS PW data are derived from ground-based GPS measurements of zenith path delay (ZPD) using three different resources, including the International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) Service ...

(IGS) tropospheric products (since year 1995), U.S. SuomiNet (UCAR/COSMIC) products (since year 2002) and Japanese GEONET (GPS Earth Observation Network) data (~1100 stations, 1997-2005).

The data are divided into two groups: one is from GEONET network, and the data are available from 1997 to 2005; the other one combines IGS and SuomiNet network, and the data are available since year 1995 and planned to be updated yearly.

11. Blended and Reconstructed Oceanic Monthly Cloudiness Estimates (ds292.3)

Monthly cloudiness estimates are produced by blending satellite estimates from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) with in situ estimates from the International Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS). ...

The monthly estimates are on a 2.5 degree spatial grid giving total cloud cover in oktas (0-8) for 1983-2008. The spatially complete blended estimate is then used to form reconstruction statistics for a longer time period. Using those statistics, the ICOADS historical cloudiness data is used to form a 5 degree global ocean total cloudiness reconstruction for 1900-2010.

12. NOAA CPC Morphing Technique (CMORPH) Global Precipitation Analyses (ds502.0)

CMORPH (CPC MORPHing technique) produces global precipitation analyses at very high spatial and temporal resolution. This technique uses precipitation estimates that have been derived from low orbiter satellite microwave observations ...

exclusively, and whose features are transported via spatial propagation information that is obtained entirely from geostationary satellite IR data. Precipitation estimates are derived from the passive microwaves aboard the DMSP 13, 14 and 15 (SSM-I), the NOAA-15, 16, 17 and 18 (AMSU-B), and AMSR-E and TMI aboard NASA's Aqua and TRMM spacecraft, respectively. These estimates are generated by algorithms of Ferraro (1997) for SSM-I, Ferraro et al. (2000) for AMSU-B and Kummerow et al. (2001) for TMI. Note that this technique is not a precipitation estimation algorithm but a means by which estimates from existing microwave rainfall algorithms can be combined. Therefore, this method is extremely flexible such that any precipitation estimates from any microwave satellite source can be incorporated.

13. NCAR Community Earth System Model, EaSM Project Dataset (ds316.0)

This dataset includes climate model output data from NCAR's Community Earth System Model (CESM) CMIP-5 runs, with output fields for the 3-D global atmosphere at six hourly intervals. A basic ...

set of parameters is provided on 26 model hybrid level surfaces: specific humidity, temperature, wind components, and geopotential height to support regional modeling studies. Additional parameters are provided on single level grids to support analysis studies including surface temperature. Data are available in yearly time-series parameter archive files, and monthly synoptic time archive files. An interface is provided to give users the option to select parameter, temporal, and spatial subsets from the monthly synoptic time archive files. The data are a single 20th Century (1950-2005) simulation and four concomitant Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) future scenarios spanning 2005-2100. These computer runs were completed in 2011.

14. Merged Statistical Analyses of Historical Monthly Precipitation Anomalies Beginning 1900 (ds570.4)

An improved land-ocean global monthly precipitation anomaly reconstruction is developed for the period beginning in 1900. Reconstructions use the available historical data and statistics developed from the modern satellite-sampled period ...

to analyze variations over the historical presatellite period. This paper documents the latest in a series of precipitation reconstructions developed by the authors. Although the reconstruction principle is still the minimization of mean-squared error, this latest reconstruction includes the following three major improvements over previous reconstructions: (i) an improved method that first produces an annual first guess, which is then adjusted using a monthly increment analysis; (ii) improved use of oceanic observations in the annual first guess using a canonical correlation analysis; and (iii) reinjection of gauge data where those data are available. These improvements allow more confident analyses and evaluations of global precipitation variations over the reconstruction period.

(Abstract excerpted from Smith et al. 2012.)

15. Daily Minimum and Maximum Temperature and Precipitation for Long Term Stations from the U.S. COOP Data (ds510.6)

Daily minimum and maximum temperature and precipitation have been extracted for long term stations from the U.S. COOP station network. The data has been extracted for the period 1950 ...

thru 2004 for all stations which have a low percentage of missing data (generally less than 5%, analyzed independently by variable for each station). Data is available for stations from 46 states.

17. ERA-40 Global Observational Feedback Record Reports (ds117.8)

DSS presents a comprehensive set of global, 3 hourly feedback record reports used in the ECMWF 45-year reanalysis (ERA-40) covering the period from September 1957 to August 2002. This ...

data set contains the full collection of observations, from many data sources, which were assimilated into an ECMWF model and produced ERA-40. The metadata generated during the ERA-40 quality control (QC)/data assimilation process were appended to the input observations. The final combination of input observations and feedback metadata are called feedback record reports. Feedback record reports include a set of input observation (obs) variables, analyzed obs variables, and associated metadata information. Input obs variables include pressure, mean sea level pressure, three hour pressure change, characteristic of pressure tendency, temperature, dewpoint temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. Analyzed obs variables are derived from input obs variables, and were used in the model assimilation. Analyzed obs variables include pressure, height, relative humidity, U-wind, and V-wind speed components. The feedback metadata available includes QC flags for entire reports and individual obs variables, and differences between individual obs variables and interpolated six-hour forecasts and final model analyses. Further, in the case of QC report or obs variable rejection, some details why rejection occurred are given in the codes provided.

As noted, this dataset contains the full collection of observations in the BUFR format, including surface data, radiosondes and satellite data. Subsets of some of the different types of data within this dataset have been archived in other datasets in an ascii format. Specifically, the surface data can be found in ds476.0, the radiosonde data is in ds366.0 and the satellite winds in dataset ds367.0

These data are available only for non-commercial research in the U.S. and some locations in Canada. User requirements and a registration form can be accessed here. This dataset is maintained in a DSS ASCII format. Weekly ASCII files are available online to authorized users through the ds476.0 data page. Authorized users can also access the archive via the NCAR Mass Store System. Software which extracts data from the ASCII file and places it into memory arrays for further processing can be found in the software directory. Primary ECMWF data products including forecast and analysis fields can be found under the ERA-40 dataset home page.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

18. NCEP CPC Upper Stratospheric and Lower Mesospheric Analyses (ds067.4)

The Global Upper Stratospheric and Lower Mesospheric Analyses are provided on a pair of 65x65 polar grids, daily at 12Z. These were operationally prepared by NCEP/CPC, using Advanced Microwave Sounding ...

Unit (AMSU) satellite data.

The analyses are available on four levels: 5, 2, 1 and 0.4mb. Parameters include pressure, geopotential height, and temperature.

19. TIGGE Tropical Cyclone Track Data (ds330.3)

This dataset holds all THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) tropical cyclone track data online for internet download. Ensemble generated tropical cyclone track data from the European Center for Medium-Range ...

Weather Forecasts (ecmf), United Kingdom Met Office (egrr), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (kwbc), Japan Meteorological Agency (rjtd), Australia Bureau of Meteorology (ammc), China Meteorological Administration (babj), Meteorological Service of Canada (cwao), and Korea Meteorological Administration (rksl) will be archived as they become available.

20. NCAR's Database of Upper Air Observations (ds370.0)

This dataset represents a large collection of global upper air soundings starting in 1973 and is updated within about 1 month of real time. This archive contains all upper air ...

soundings from DSS datasets ds353.4 and ds351.0, however, this dataset can be output in a simple ascii format for the entire period of record with all variable units standardized.

This is part of a project at NCAR to enable easy access to the full collection of upper air soundings archived in the Data Support Section. In the future, data back to 1920 will be released.

21. Suriname Daily Rainfall (ds517.1)

Daily rainfall amounts from eight Suriname stations is provided in this dataset. The full period covered by the data is 1852 to 1972, but the actual periods of record vary ...

by station. The longest continuous period is 1899-1972.

22. NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) Analyses and Forecasts (ds084.6)

This dataset is a collection of various NCEP GFS data used by NCAR's researchers. It consists of periods of GFS spectral coefficients (in binary format) and flux terms (in GRIB ...

format), as well as their transformed, gridded netcdf files of various spatial resolutions, T382, T254, T170 and T62. All data files are stored on HPSS. There is no attempt to recover, reconstruct missing data. All products are provided as is.

23. NSIDC Meteorological Data from the Russian Arctic, 1961-2000 (ds489.0)

"This data set contains monthly means of meteorological observation data from Russian stations from 1961-2000 (for most stations). The Russian station observations were provided by Vladimir Radionov, Arctic and ...

Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), St. Petersburg, and include 2-meter air temperature, sea level pressure, total and low cloud amount, precipitation, and relative humidity. Data are available in ASCII text format via FTP.", quoted from NSIDC site.

NSIDC strongly encourages you to register as a user of this data product. As a registered user, you will be notified of updates and corrections.", quoted summary from NSIDC documentation.

The data files and associated documentation were downloaded to this DSS site in January 2007. Please properly cite this data by referring to ' DS DOCUMENTATION'.

24. NSIDC Daily Precipitation Sums at Coastal and Island Russian Arctic Stations, 1940-1990 (ds488.0)

"This data set contains precipitation data originally recorded in log books at 65 coastal and island meteorological stations, and later digitized at the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), ...

St. Petersburg, Russia, under the direction of Vladimir Radionov. Records from most stations begin in 1940. Instrumentation was generally a rain gauge with Nipher shield until the early 1950s (for most stations), when the Tretyakov precipitation gauge replaced earlier instrumentation. Data have not been adjusted for gauge type or wind bias. Data from 1967 and later are corrected for wetting loss (this correction was made by observers as they recorded the station data).", quoted summary from NSIDC documentation.

The data files and associated documentation were downloaded from NSIDC to this DSS dataset in January 2007. Please properly cite this data by referring to ' DS DOCUMENTATION'.

26. ERA40 Model Resolution Gridded Chemical Transport Modelling Fields on Model Levels from ECMWF (ds117.5)

This dataset contains 4 variables on the original 60 hybrid model levels on the reduced N80 Gaussian grid. The data are accumulated over the 3 and 6 hour forecasts ...

for the 00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC analyses.

The ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA40) is a global atmospheric analysis of many conventional observations and satellite data streams for the period Sept,1957- Aug,2002. There are numerous data products that are separated into dataset series based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

28. NCDC TD3260 U.S. Cooperative 15 Minute Precipitation Data from 1971 (ds505.1)

The 15-minute precipitation observations contained in this set are obtained as months become available from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The sites are located in the contiguous U.S., Alaska, ...

Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Hawaii and other Pacific Islands.

The digital file began in May 1971, but there is a very small amount of data in 1970. There are currently about 2300 stations reporting. Periods of record vary widely among the stations.

29. ERA-40 Global Upper Air Satellite Wind Observation Feedback Record Reports (ds367.0)

ERA-40 Global Upper Air Satellite Wind Observation Feedback Record Reports include upper air satellite wind observation (SATWND) feedback record reports from SATWNDs used in the ECMWF 45-year reanalysis (ERA-40) ...

covering the period from September 1957 to August 2002. SATWNDs, from multiple data sources, were assimilated into an ECMWF model and produced ERA-40. Select variables include U-wind, and V-wind speed components at the observed pressure level. The metadata generated during the ERA-40 quality control (QC)/data assimilation process were appended to the input observations. The final combination of input observations and feedback metadata are called feedback record reports.

30. Daily Rawinsondes from San Cristobal Island (Galapagos), December 1990-December 1998 (ds401.0)

Daily rawinsonde data for San Cristobal Island (Galapagos) were keyed from the original hardcopy forms as part of NCDC's Climate Modernization Database Program and then sent to DSS for post-processing ...

and quality control. The overall period of record is December 1990 to December 1998, but there are missing months. Generally, soundings are available once-daily, but there are occasionally two per day, and there are days with no soundings at all. The data are presented in two sets: a conventional stack of mandatory and significant levels, and a stack of level data at high-resolution (levels every 10 seconds up to 5 minutes, then every 30 seconds up to 15 minutes, then every minute).

31. Brazilian Air Force Rawinsondes and Pibals, January 1950-November 1986 (ds394.1)

NCDC has provided rawinsonde data for eleven Brazilian stations and pibal data for thirty stations for the general period January 1950 to November 1986. The actual period, however, varies ...

widely by individual station. The data were recorded by the Brazilian Air Force.

32. Daily Argentina Time Series Radiosonde Observations, 1958-1991 (ds394.0)

Argentina has provided upper air soundings for twenty stations for the general period 1958-1991, but the actual period varies by station.

33. ERA-40 Global Land Surface Observation Feedback Record Reports (ds476.0)

ERA-40 Global Land Surface Observation Feedback Record Reports include 3 hourly surface observation feedback record reports from SYNOP land observations used in the ECMWF 45-year reanalysis (ERA-40) covering the period ...

from September 1957 to August 2002. SYNOP land observations, from multiple data sources, were assimilated into an ECMWF model and produced ERA-40. Select variables include pressure, height, relative humidity, U-wind, and V-wind speed components. The metadata generated during the ERA-40 quality control (QC)/data assimilation process were appended to the input observations. The final combination of input observations and feedback metadata are called feedback record reports.

34. ERA-40 Global Upper Air Radiosonde Observation Feedback Record Reports (ds366.0)

ERA-40 Global Upper Air Radiosonde Observation Feedback Record Reports include 6 hourly upper air radiosonde observation (RAOB) feedback record reports from RAOBs used in the ECMWF 45-year reanalysis (ERA-40) covering ...

the period from September 1957 to August 2002. RAOBs, from multiple data sources, were assimilated into an ECMWF model and produced ERA-40. Select variables found in the reports include temperature, pressure, height, relative humidity, specific humidity, U-wind, and V-wind speed components. Data may be available at mandatory or significant levels from 1000mb to 1mb. The metadata generated during the ERA-40 quality control (QC)/data assimilation process were appended to the input observations. The final combination of input observations and feedback metadata are called feedback record reports.

35. ERA40 T106 Analysis Fields on Model Levels, created at NCAR (ds127.2)

DS127.2 represents a dataset implemented and computed by NCAR's Data Support Section, and forms an essential part of efforts undertaken in late 2004, early 2005, to produce an archive of ...

selected segments of ERA-40 on standard transformation grids. In this case, ERA-40 6-hourly upper air variables on 60 model levels were transformed from either spherical harmonics (surface geopotential, temperature, vertical velocity, vorticity, logarithm of surface pressure, divergence), or a reduced N80 Gaussian grid (specific humidity, ozone mass mixing ratio, cloud liquid water content, cloud ice water content, cloud cover), to a 320x160 regular Gaussian grid at T106 spectral truncation. In addition, horizontal wind components were derived from spectral vorticity and divergence and also archived on a T106 Gaussian grid. All scalar fields were transformed using routines from the ECMWF EMOS library, whereas the horizontal winds were obtained using NCAR's Spherepack library.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

36. ERA40 T106 Analysis Fields on Pressure Surfaces, created at NCAR (ds127.1)

DS127.1 represents a higher resolution version of ds124.1. Both ds124.1 and 127.1 were implemented and computed by NCAR's Data Support Section, and form an essential part of efforts undertaken ...

in late 2004, early 2005, to produce an archive of selected segments of ERA-40 on a standard transformation grid. In the case of ds127.1, ERA-40 6-hourly upper air variables on 23 pressure levels were transformed from either spherical harmonics (geopotential, temperature, vertical pressure velocity, vorticity, divergence, relative humidity), or a reduced N80 Gaussian grid (potential vorticity, specific humidity, ozone mass mixing ratio), to a 320x160 regular Gaussian grid at T106 spectral truncation. In addition, horizontal wind components were derived from spectral vorticity and divergence and also archived on a T106 Gaussian grid. All scalar fields were transformed using routines from the ECMWF EMOS library, whereas the horizontal winds were obtained using NCAR's Spherepack library.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

37. ERA40 T106 Monthly Mean Analysis Fields on Pressure Surfaces, created at NCAR (ds129.1)

DS129.1 represents a higher resolution version of ds126.1. Both ds126.1 and 129.1 were implemented and computed by NCAR's Data Support Section, and form an essential part of efforts undertaken ...

in late 2004, early 2005, to produce an archive of selected segments of ERA-40 on a standard transformation grid. In the case of ds127.1, ERA-40 monthly mean upper air variables (designated as %93MODA%94 or %93moda%94 below) on 23 pressure levels were transformed from either spherical harmonics (geopotential, temperature, vertical pressure velocity, vorticity, divergence, relative humidity), or a reduced N80 Gaussian grid (potential vorticity, specific humidity, ozone mass mixing ratio), to a 320x160 regular Gaussian grid at T106 spectral truncation. In addition, horizontal wind components were derived from spectral vorticity and divergence and also archived on a T106 Gaussian grid. All scalar fields were transformed using routines from the ECMWF EMOS library, whereas the horizontal winds were obtained using NCAR's Spherepack library.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

38. ERA40 T85 Monthly Mean Analysis Fields on Pressure Surfaces, created at NCAR (ds126.1)

DS126.1 represents a dataset implemented and computed by NCAR's Data Support Section, and forms an essential part of efforts undertaken in late 2004, early 2005, to produce an archive of ...

selected segments of ERA-40 on a standard transformation grid. In this case, ERA-40 monthly mean upper air variables (designated as MODA or moda below) on 23 pressure levels were transformed from either spherical harmonics (geopotential, temperature, vertical pressure velocity, vorticity, divergence, relative humidity), or a reduced N80 Gaussian grid (potential vorticity, specific humidity, ozone mass mixing ratio), to a 256x128 regular Gaussian grid at T85 spectral truncation. In addition, horizontal wind components were derived from spectral vorticity and divergence and also archived on a T85 Gaussian grid. All scalar fields were transformed using routines from the ECMWF EMOS library, whereas the horizontal winds were obtained using NCAR's Spherepack library. All corresponding 00Z, 06Z, 12Z, and 18Z monthly mean upper air variables on 23 pressure levels were also transformed to a T85 Gaussian grid (designated as MNLY, mnly, or mnth below). The choice of a T85 Gaussian grid was based on considerations of limiting the volume of new data generated to a moderate level, and to match the horizontal resolution of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) component of NCAR's Community Climate System Model (CCSM).

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

39. ERA40 T85 Monthly Mean Analysis Fields on Model Levels, created at NCAR (ds126.2)

DS126.2 represents a dataset implemented and computed by NCAR's Data Support Section, and forms an essential part of efforts undertaken in late 2004, early 2005, to produce an archive of ...

selected segments of ERA-40 on a standard transformation grid. In this case, ERA-40 monthly mean upper air variables (designated as MODA or moda below) on 60 model levels were transformed from either spherical harmonics (surface geopotential, temperature, vertical pressure velocity, vorticity, logarithm of surface pressure, divergence), or a reduced N80 Gaussian grid (specific humidity, ozone mass mixing ratio, cloud liquid water content, cloud ice water content, cloud cover), to a 256x128 regular Gaussian grid at T85 spectral truncation. In addition, horizontal wind components were derived from spectral vorticity and divergence and also archived on a T85 Gaussian grid. All scalar fields were transformed using routines from the ECMWF EMOS library, whereas the horizontal winds were obtained using NCAR's Spherepack library. All corresponding 00Z, 06Z, 12Z, and 18Z monthly mean upper air variables on 60 model levels were also transformed to a T85 Gaussian grid (designated as MNLY, mnly, or mnth below). The choice of a T85 Gaussian grid was based on considerations of limiting the volume of new data generated to a moderate level, and to match the horizontal resolution of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) component of NCAR's Community Climate System Model (CCSM).

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

40. ERA40 T85 Analysis Fields on Model Levels, created at NCAR (ds124.2)

DS124.2 represents a dataset implemented and computed by NCAR's Data Support Section, and forms an essential part of efforts undertaken in late 2004, early 2005, to produce an archive of ...

selected segments of ERA-40 on a standard transformation grid. In this case, ERA-40 6-hourly upper air variables on 60 model levels were transformed from either spherical harmonics (surface geopotential, temperature, vertical velocity, vorticity, logarithm of surface pressure, divergence), or a reduced N80 Gaussian grid (specific humidity, ozone mass mixing ratio, cloud liquid water content, cloud ice water content, cloud cover), to a 256x128 regular Gaussian grid at T85 spectral truncation. In addition, horizontal wind components were derived from spectral vorticity and divergence and also archived on a T85 Gaussian grid. All scalar fields were transformed using routines from the ECMWF EMOS library, whereas the horizontal winds were obtained using NCAR's Spherepack library. The choice of a T85 Gaussian grid was based on considerations of limiting the volume of new data generated to a moderate level, and to match the horizontal resolution of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) component of NCAR's Community Climate System Model (CCSM).

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

41. ERA40 Monthly Mean Model Resolution Gridded Upper Air Forecast Fields on Pressure Surfaces from ECMWF (ds122.1)

This dataset contains ECMWF ERA40 monthly mean model forecasts of geopotential, temperature, wind and moisture variables on 23 constant pressure surfaces for the period September, 1957 to August, 2002. ...

The means, which are available for the 6 hour forecast only, have been computed for each analysis hour, with a diurnal mean also being available. All variables are archived at global T159 spectral resolution in spherical harmonics, except the moisture, ozone and potentical vorticity, which are archived on a reduced N80 gaussian grid with an approximate horizontal resolution of 125 kilometers. The monthly mean analysis fields have been archived in ds119.1.

The ECMWF ERA40 project is a global atmospheric analysis of many conventional observations and satellite data streams for the period September,1957- August,2002. There are numerous data products that are separated into dataset series based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and possible research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

42. ERA40 Model Resolution Gridded Upper Air Forecast Fields on Pressure Surfaces from ECMWF (ds121.1)

This dataset contains ECMWF ERA40 model forecasts of geopotential, temperature, wind and moisture variables on 23 constant pressure surfaces for the period September, 1957 to August, 2002. The forecasts ...

extend out to 36 hours beginning from the 00 and 12 UTC analyses and out to 6 hours beginning with the 06 and 18 UTC analyses. All variables, except moisture, are archived at global T159 spectral resolution in spherical harmonics, while the moisture is archived on a reduced N80 gaussian grid with an approximate horizontal resolution of 125 kilometers. The anlaysis fields have been archived in ds117.1.

The ECMWF ERA40 project is a global atmospheric analysis of many conventional observations and satellite data streams for the period September,1957- August,2002. There are numerous data products that are separated into dataset series based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and possible research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

43. ERA40 Monthly Mean Model Resolution Gridded Upper Air Forecast Fields on Model Levels from ECMWF (ds122.2)

The ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA40) is a global atmospheric analysis of many conventional observations and satellite data streams for the period Sept,1957- Aug,2002. There are numerous data products that are separated ...

into dataset series' based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

This dataset contains monthly means for 9 variables on the original 60 model levels, as well as surface geopotential and log of surface pressure. Variables are archived at T159 spectral resolution in spherical harmonics or the reduced n80 gaussian grid with a resolution of approximately 125 kilometers. Synoptic monthly means have been computed for each analysis hour and a diurnal mean has also been computed. Both means are only computed for the 6 hour forecast.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

44. ERA40 T85 Analysis Fields on Pressure Surfaces, created at NCAR (ds124.1)

into dataset series based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

DS124.1 represents a new data set implemented and computed by NCAR's Data Support Section, and forms a substantial part of ongoing efforts to produce an archive of selected segments of ERA-40 on a standard transformation grid. In this case, ERA-40 upper air variables on 23 pressure levels have been transformed from either spherical harmonics (geopotential, temperature, vertical pressure velocity, vorticity, divergence, relative humidity), or a reduced N80 Gaussian grid (potential vorticity, specific humidity, ozone mass mixing ratio), to a 256x128 regular Gaussian grid at T85 spectral truncation. In addition, horizontal wind components have been derived from spectral vorticity and divergence and also archived on a T85 Gaussian grid. All fields are available 4x daily (00,06,12 and 18 UTC). All scalar fields have been transformed using routines from the ECMWF EMOS library, whereas the horizontal winds have been obtained using NCAR's Spherepack library. The choice of a T85 Gaussian grid was based on considerations of limiting the volume of new data generated to a moderate level, and to match the horizontal resolution of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) component of NCAR's Community Climate System Model (CCSM).

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

45. ERA40 Model Resolution Gridded Variances and Covariances on Model Levels from ECMWF (ds119.5)

into dataset series' based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

This dataset contains variances and covariances on the original 60 model levels, as well as the variance of the surface pressure. All Variables are archived on the full n80 gaussian grid with a resolution of approximately 125 kilometers. The variances and covariances are produced with respect to the monthly means for each hour four synoptic hours (00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC) and for the diurnal mean.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

46. ERA40 Model Resolution Gridded Upper Air Forecast Fields on Model Levels from ECMWF (ds121.2)

This dataset contains 9 variables on the original 60 model levels, as well as surface geopotential and log of surface pressure. All Variables are from the forecast cycle of the ...

ERA-40 model and are archived at T159 spectral resolution in spherical harmonics or the reduced n80 gaussian grid with a resolution of approximately 125 kilometers. The forecasts extend out to 36 hours beginning from the 00 and 12 UTC analyses and out to 6 hours beginning with the 06 and 18 UTC analyses. The anlaysis fields have been archived in ds117.2.

The ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA40) is a global atmospheric analysis of many conventional observations and satellite data streams for the period Sept,1957- Aug,2002. There are numerous data products that are separated into dataset series' based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

47. ERA40 Model Resolution Gridded Radiative Tendency Fields on Model Levels from ECMWF (ds117.6)

This dataset contains 4 radiative tendency variables on the original 60 hybrid model levels on the reduced N80 Gaussian grid. The data are accumulated over the 3 and 6 ...

hour forecasts for the 00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC analyses.

The ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA40) is a global atmospheric analysis of many conventional observations and satellite data streams for the period Sept,1957- Aug,2002. There are numerous data products that are separated into dataset series based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

48. ERA40 Model Resolution Gridded Net Tendency Fields on Model Levels from ECMWF (ds117.7)

This dataset contains the Net tendencies from parameterized processeses. There are 4 variables in this dataset, each of which are on the original 60 hybrid model levels on the reduced ...

N80 Gaussian grid. The data are accumulated over the 3 and 6 hour forecasts for the 00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC analyses

The ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA40) is a global atmospheric analysis of many conventional observations and satellite data streams for the period Sept,1957- Aug,2002. There are numerous data products that are separated into dataset series based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

49. ERA40 Model Resolution Monthly Mean Gridded Upper Air Analysis on a Potential Vorticity Surface from ECMWF (ds119.4)

separated into dataset series' based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

This dataset contains monthly means for 7 variables on the PV+-2 surface. All of the variables are on the N80 reduced gaussian grid. Monthly means have been computed for each analysis hour as well as a daily mean.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

50. ERA40 Model Resolution Gridded Upper Air Analysis on a Potential Vorticity Surface from ECMWF (ds117.4)

separated into dataset series' based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

This dataset contains 7 variables on the PV+-2 surface. All of the variables are on the N80 reduced gaussian grid. All variables are output 4x a day for the entire period.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

51. NCEP ADP ETA/NAM Upper Air Observation Subsets, October 2000 - continuing (ds351.1)

NCEP ADP ETA/NAM Upper Air Observation Subsets are composed of a regional synoptic set of upper air reports centered over North America, operationally collected by the National Centers for Environmental ...

Prediction (NCEP). These include radiosondes, pibals and aircraft reports from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) and satellite data from the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS). The reports can include pressure, geopotential height, temperature, dewpoint depression, wind direction and speed. Data may be available at up to 20 mandatory levels from 1000mb to 1mb, plus a few significant levels. Report time intervals range from 3 hourly to 12 hourly. These data are the primary input to the (EDAS)/NAM Data Assimilation System (NDAS starting Jan. 23, 2005). DS351.0 provides global data coverage over the same time period.

52. U.S. Surface Data Keyed from the Climate Database Modernization Program (CDMP) (ds506.0)

This data set contains U.S. station surface observations that were digitized from the original forms by the Climate Database Modernization ...

Program (CDMP).

Data are available for more than 200 stations (mainly at airports, but also some city weather bureau offices) that made observations at hourly intervals at least during the daytime hours and often over the full 24-hour day. The general period of record for these stations is 1928-1948, though this varies by individual station. To find out what is available, see this inventory. A significant effort was made by DSS to correct errors in the digitized data, especially dates, times, and pressures. For more information about this work, see this document.

We have also received data for more than 130 U.S. stations that were digitized from Form 1001. These stations, which were usually city weather bureau offices, generally took observations once, twice, or four times daily. Some stations have data back as far as late 1892. An inventory can be viewed which shows stations and their date range coverage. These data will be made available to the community when errors in the digitized data have been corrected.

53. Extended Reconstructed Sea Level Pressure (ERSLP) (ds277.5)

The extended reconstructed sea level pressure (ERSLP) analysis was constructed using the most recently available Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) SLP data and improved statistical methods that allow stable reconstruction ...

using sparse data. This monthly analysis begins January 1854, however the analyzed signal is heavily damped before 1910 because of sparse data.

All the data are from the original NOAA ERSLP website.

54. ERA40 Monthly Mean Model Resolution Gridded Upper Air Analysis on Isentropic Surfaces from ECMWF (ds119.3)

into dataset series' based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

This dataset contains monthly means for 7 variables on 15 isentropic surfaces. Some of the variables are on a T159 spherical harmonics grid and some are on the N80 reduced gaussian grid. Monthly means have been computed for each analysis hour as well as a daily mean.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

55. ERA40 Monthly Mean Model Resolution Gridded Upper Air Analysis on Model Levels from ECMWF (ds119.2)

into dataset series' based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

This dataset contains monthly means for 9 variables on the original 60 model levels, as well as surface geopotential and log of surface pressure. Variables are archived at T159 spectral resolution in spherical harmonics or the reduced n80 gaussian grid with a resolution of approximately 125 kilometers. All variables are output 4x a day for the entire period. Monthly means have been computed for each analysis hour as well as a daily mean.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

56. ERA40 Model Resolution Gridded Upper Air Analysis on Model Levels from ECMWF (ds117.2)

This dataset contains 9 variables on the original 60 model levels, as well as surface geopotential and log of surface pressure. Variables are archived at T159 spectral resolution in ...

spherical harmonics or the reduced n80 gaussian grid with a resolution of approximately 125 kilometers. All variables are output 4x a day for the entire period.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

57. ERA40 Model Resolution Gridded Upper Air Analysis on Isentropic Surfaces from ECMWF (ds117.3)

into dataset series' based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

This dataset contains 7 variables on 15 isentropic surfaces. Some of the variables are on a T159 spherical harmonics grid and some are on the N80 reduced gaussian grid. All variables are output 4x a day for the entire period.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

58. ERA40 Monthly Mean Model Resolution Gridded Upper Air Analysis on Pressure Surfaces from ECMWF (ds119.1)

into dataset series' based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

This dataset contains monthly means for 9 variables on 23 pressure surfaces at T159 spectral resolution in spherical harmonics. Monthly means have been computed for each analysis hour as well as a daily mean.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

59. ERA40 Model Resolution Gridded Upper Air Analysis on Pressure Surfaces from ECMWF (ds117.1)

This dataset contains ECMWF ERA40 model output consisting of geopotential, temperature, wind and moisture variables on 23 constant pressure surfaces for the period September, 1957 to August, 2002. All ...

variables, except moisture, are archived at global T159 spectral resolution in spherical harmonics, while the moisture is archived on a reduced N80 gaussian grid with an approximate horizontal resolution of 150 kilometers. All data are archived 4x daily at 00z, 06z, 12z and 18z. All data is in GRIB format.

The ECMWF ERA40 project is a global atmospheric analysis of many conventional observations and satellite data streams for the period September,1957- August,2002. There are numerous data products that are separated into dataset series based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and possible research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

60. Monthly Mean Rawinsondes, from NCEP/NCAR Global Reanalysis, 1948-continuing (ds435.0)

Monthly mean rawinsonde data (and metadata) created by Jack Woollen from the daily soundings input to the NCEP/NCAR ...

Global Reanalysis.

Stephen Leroy of the Anderson Research Group at Harvard University has provided a copy of this dataset in netCDF format.

61. NCEP ADP Global Upper Air Observational Weather Data, October 1999 - continuing (ds351.0)

NCEP ADP Global Upper Air Observational Weather Data are composed of global upper air weather reports operationally collected by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). These include radiosondes, pibals ...

and aircraft reports from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS), and satellite data from the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS). The reports can include pressure, geopotential height, air temperature, dewpoint temperautre, wind direction and speed. Data may be available at up to 20 mandatory levels from 1000mb to 1mb, plus a few significant levels. Report intervals range from hourly to 12 hourly. These data are the primary input to the NCEP Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS), which is used to create the NCEP Final Tropospheric Analyses (FNL).

62. ERA40 Monthly Mean 2.5 Degree Latitude-Longitude Gridded Upper Air Analysis on Pressure Surfaces from ECMWF (ds120.1)

into dataset series' based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

This dataset contains 11 variables on 23 pressure surfaces on an equally spaced global 2.5 degree latitude-longitude grid. Monthly means have been computed for each analysis hour as well as a daily mean.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

63. ERA40 2.5 Degree Latitude-Longitude Gridded Upper Air Analysis on Pressure Surfaces from ECMWF (ds118.1)

into dataset series' based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

This dataset contains 11 variables on 23 pressure surfaces on an equally spaced global 2.5 degree latitude-longitude grid. All variables are reported 4x a day for the entire period.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

64. FSL/PROFS Experimental Mesonet, along the front range of Colorado , May1985-Jun1994 (ds495.0)

The Forecast Systems Laboratory (FSL) (formerly PROFS) had operated a 22-station experimental surface mesoscale meteorological network (Mesonet) along the front range of Colorado from May 1985 to Jun 1994.

65. AVHRR Pathfinder Atmosphere (PATMOS) Climate Dataset (ds702.0)

A reprocessing of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder atmosphere (PATMOS) results in a 20-year global climate dataset providing information on the earth's radiation budget. This dataset is ...

the result of collaborative work between NOAA/NESDIS and NASA. The measurements from NOAA-7, NOAA-9, NOAA-11, and NOAA-14 satellites are combined in this dataset.

66. Canadian Hourly Surface Data Subset, 1947-1973 (ds487.0)

This dataset, provided by the Meteorological Service of Canada, contains a subset of their hourly station data archive.

67. NCDC TD6421 Enhanced Hourly Wind Station Data for the Contiguous United States (ds471.0)

A homogeneous time series of wind speed at the 10-meter height above the ground/surface for the entire period of digital record (usually, since 1948 for the First Order Stations, since ...

early 1970s for other sites with complete metadata, and since the ASOS implementation at the sites without metadata). Includes elevation homogenization of the near-surface wind time series based on anemometer elevations changes for all stations.

68. U.S. Navy Southern Hemisphere Daily Sea-Level Pressure Grids for 1974 August to 1983 June (ds104.0)

This dataset contains a time-series of sea-level pressure data on a 63x63 polar-stereographic grid over the Southern Hemisphere. These grids were subsetted from the Navy grids in ds240.6 and ...

cover the period from August 1974 to June 1983.

69. Suominet Daily Archive, 2001 - Continuing (ds721.0)

This archive includes a global set of Suominet reports updated in irregular intervals. Additionally, FSL network reports are now included in the set. The hourly reports, encoded in netCDF format, ...

include surface pressure, surface temperature, relative humidity, and estimated column precipitable water vapor. Data spans the period from June 2001 to the present. Archived data includes real-time and post-processed reports.

Suominet is a network of ground-based GPS receivers and METPACKs which are used to estimate column precipitable water vapor, both in the zenith and along slanted ray paths to GPS satellites. Additional information, including a plot of suominet station locations can be found at the COSMIC Suominet site.

70. Lucas and Waliser Satellite ECT-Corrected Daily, Pentad and Monthly Global OLR Datasets (ds684.1)

This dataset contains daily,pentad and monthly OLR data in which the bias from varying satellite equatorial crossing times (ECT's) has been estimated and then removed. This was done by ...

starting with the twice daily 2.5 degree NCEP/NOAA OLR archive for 1974 thru 1999. The ECT biases caused by afternoon satellite orbital drift AND the abrupt transition from a morning satellite to an afternoon satellite were estimated separately and then these estimates were removed. Please see Estimating the Satellite Equatorial Crossing Time Biases for more details.

71. Monthly Reanalysis Comparison Grids (ds092.0)

DSS has created monthly grids of the differences between the outputs of different reanalysis projects and between reanalyses and operational models. The comparison grids are in WMO GRIB1 format.

72. NCEP/CPC 4km Precipitation Set, Gage and Radar (ds507.5)

A prototype, real-time, hourly, multi-sensor National Precipitation Analysis (NPA) has been developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) in cooperation with the Office of Hydrology (OH). This analysis ...

merges two data sources that are currently being collected in real-time by OH and NCEP. Approximately 3000 automated, hourly raingage observations are available over the contiguous 48 states via the GOES Data Collection Platform (DCP), and ASOS. In addition, hourly digital precipitation (HDP) radar estimates are obtained as compressed digital files via the AWIPS network. The HDP estimates are created by the WSR-88D Radar Product Generator on a 131 x 131 4-km grid centered over each radar site. The data analysis routines, including a bias correction of the radar estimates using the gage data, have been adapted by NCEP on a national 4-km grid from algorithms developed by OH ("Stage II") and executed regionally at NWS River Forecast Centers (RFC).

The precipitation data in this dataset are received through JOSS,UCAR.

73. Monthly Northern Hemisphere 2.5-degree Tropospheric Analyses for 1946-1972 (ds085.2)

This dataset contains a time-series collection of monthly Northern Hemisphere tropospheric data on a 2.5-degree latitude/longitude grid. These grids were created by DSS from the grids of ds085.0, which ...

have a resolution of five degrees. The intermediate points of the grids in this set were interpolated from the existing surrounding gridpoints using a 16-point Bessel interpolation scheme.

74. Various Daily 2.5-degree Tropospheric Analysis Time Series in GRIB Format, 1946-1999 (ds195.2)

This dataset contains various tropospheric analysis time series' created from the grids of other DSS datasets and converted to GRIB (for grids that were not already in ...

this format).

Currently, the only available time series' are series' of 500mb geopotential height.

75. Met Office Hadley Centre Mean Sea Level Pressure Dataset (ds277.4)

The Met Office Hadley Centre's mean sea level pressure (MSLP) data set, HadSLP2, is a unique combination of monthly globally-complete fields of land and marine pressure observations on a 5 ...

degree latitude-longitude grid from 1850 to 2004. This product is also available in an updated form using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis fields, giving the near real time product, HadSLP2r.

The HadSLP2 data are available both on NCAR MSS and online download. For more details, recommendation for data reference citation, and request for registration by the authors please see the HadSLP2 web page.

76. NCEP/DOE Reanalysis II (ds091.0)

This dataset contains products from the NCEP/DOE Reanalysis II (R2) Project. The resolution of the R2 model is the same as NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (R1) project, T62 (209 km) with 28 ...

vertical sigma levels. The output fields are saved 4 times a day as in R1. The main objective of the R2 project is to correct known errors in the R1 project and update the parameterizations of the physical processes. Improvements are seen in surface flux fields, hydrological budget, short wave radiation flux, etc. There are also drawbacks found in the outgoing longwave radiation over tropical warm pool and upper-level tropical moisture. R2 plans to reanalyze the data starting from 1979 and going forward only.

The main R2 products archived at NCAR consitute of 6 subgroups: pressure level analysis (pgb-anl), sigma level analysis (sgb-anl), flux term analysis (flx-ft00), diagnostic analysis (dg3-ft00) and 6-hour forecasts of flux term (flx-ft06) and diagnostic (dg3-ft06) terms. All data files are in GRIB format and archived by month.

This dataset is updated once a month. The most commonly used fields are also available at NCEP's NOMAD Server (http://nomad3.ncep.noaa.gov/ncep_data/index.html). Climate Diagnostic Center (CDC) of NOAA has the same data in netCDF format at CDC Reanalysis 2.

77. Global Ocean Dimethylsulfide Observations and Climatology, by J. Kettle et al. (ds289.2)

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) measurements (15748 samples) made in the surface global oceans during 1972-1998 are given as raw data samples, along with the associated environmental data data at the time of ...

data collection, and as 1x1 global objectively analyzed grids. The grids are for both a monthly climatology (12 monthly grids), and an overall annual mean.

78. U.S.S.R. Arctic Ice Island Radiosonde Observations, 1950-1991 (ds402.2)

This version of the Russian Ice Island raobs was provided by the Russian delegation to meetings at NCDC in November 1999.

80. Japan Radiosonde Observations and Surface Observations, 1961-1997 (ds403.0)

The Japanese Meteorological Agency has provided upper-air and surface observations for Japanese stations. Daily upper-air data are available at 6-hourly and 12-hourly intervals for the years from 1981 to ...

1997. Monthly upper-air data are available back to 1961. Daily surface observations at 3-hourly intervals span the period from 1961 to 1989, and the period from 1990 to 1997 is covered by hourly surface data.

81. ECMWF Re-analysis 2.5 degree Monthly Means (ds115.7)

This dataset contains monthly mean data from the ECMWF reanalysis project. The grid are all 2.5 degree latitude-longitude grids. There are separate monthly means for each hour (00,06,12 and 18) ...

as well as a daily mean.

More recent reanalyses have been run by ECMWF and are available in the ERA-40 and the ERA-Interim datasets.

82. Tropical Pacific Wind Profiler Soundings, continuing from August 1985 (ds359.5)

This dataset contains vertical wind profiles for several tropical Pacific islands and TOGA-COARE ships. All data were provided by NOAA's Aeronomy Lab, which operates several of the wind profiling ...

radars. Other contributors include the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, which owns the Darwin radar, and TOGA-COARE which provided data from ships and some land stations.

Data are available from as early as August 1985, and the Galapagos radar is still currently in operation. Please consult the inventory for full period-of-record information for each individual station.

83. Climate Model Products from the United Kingdom's Hadley Centre for Climate Predition and Research (HCCPR) (ds319.2)

This dataset contains climate model output products from the United Kingdom's Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research. The model output consists of monthly grids from five runs of HCCPR's ...

HadCM2 model that were made in 1995. These runs were a control (constant atmospheric forcing) run, two greenhouse gas runs which assumed a constant compounded percentage per year (either 0.5% or 1%) increase in CO₂, and two aerosol runs which combined the CO₂ and sulfate aerosol concentrations. The model has a spatial resolution of 3.75-degree by 2.5-degree (96x73).

DSS has computed decadal mean grids for each decade-month from the monthly mean grids. The decade means are computed for years 0 through 9 of each decade. We also computed smoothed decadal means by computing 30-year running means of the decadal mean grids. Because of the large variability in the decadal means of variables such as precipitation, we recommend using the 30-year (smoothed decadal) means and applying them to the year at the middle of the 30-year period (i.e. - the 30-year mean for 2070-2099 should be applied at year 2085).

84. ECMWF Re-analysis Advanced Model Level Moisture Analyses, 1979Jan-1993Dec (ds115.6)

This dataset contains high resolution moisture grids from the ECMWF reanalysis project. The grids are all on a reduced gaussian (n80) grid with an approximate resolution of ...

1.125 degrees.

More recent reanalyses have been run by ECMWF and are available in the ERA-40 and the ERA-Interim datasets.

85. GFDL Monthly Mean Radiosonde Observation Data by Bram Oort. (ds431.0)

Monthly mean sounding data at 00Z, 06Z, 12Z and 18Z for various stations in the global radiosonde network for May 1958 to December 1989.

86. Hulme's Gridded Global Land Precipitation Climatology (ds228.0)

A historic monthly gridded precipitation dataset for global land areas. This dataset contains monthly preciptation from station rain gauges which have been averaged for geographic boxes for January, 1900 ...

thru December, 1998. The data is available for both a 5 degree by 5 degree grid and a 2.5 degree latitude by 3.75 degree longitude grid, but values are only available over land.

88. NCEP Stratospheric Analyses, daily 1997May-2008Nov (ds067.3)

The Global Stratospheric Analyses are provided on a pair of 65x65 polar grids, daily at 12Z. These were operationally prepared by NCEP, using ATOVS data, which involves several sensors, including ...

the AMSU.

The analyses are available on 8 mandatory levels from 70 to 0.4 mb. Parameters include pressure, geopotential height, and temperature.

More information is available

89. ECMWF Re-analysis Level III-B Global Upper Air Analyses, 1979Jan-1993Dec (ds115.1)

This dataset contains upper air grids from the ECMWF 15 year Reanalysis Project. All grids are on a 2.5 degree latitude- longitude grid and are ...

archived 4x/day.

More recent reanalyses have been run by ECMWF and are available in the ERA-40 and the ERA-Interim datasets.

90. TOGA COARE Large Scale Atmospheric Data (ds606.2)

This dataset contains synoptic surface and upper air data and satellite images obtained during TOGA COARE. For more information about TOGA COARE, see the TOGA COARE Data Information System ...

pages. For a listing of other TOGA COARE datasets at DSS, see the TOGA COARE page under Special Projects.

91. TOGA COARE Convection and Mesoscale Data (ds606.3)

This dataset contains convection and mesoscale data obtained during TOGA COARE. For more information about TOGA COARE, see the TOGA COARE Data Information System pages. For a listing of ...

other TOGA COARE datasets at DSS, see the TOGA COARE page under Special Projects.

93. NASA International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) D2 (ds742.6)

Monthly averages for each 3-hour period during a day, and monthly averages for all days on 280km equal-area global grids

94. NCEP CPC Hourly Gridded Precipitation for the United States (ds507.0)

Hourly and daily precipitation analyses for 1963 to 1994 on a 2.5-degree by 2-degree grid over North America.

95. W.M.O. Station (Surface and Upper Air) Library (1995Nov) (ds905.0)

This dataset contains a station library for WMO surface and upper-air stations. The library is current as of November 1995.

96. NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Monthly Mean Subsets (from DS090.0), 1948-continuing (ds090.2)

The monthly means of NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (R1) products, archived in ds090.0 dataset, are extracted and reorganized into 10 subgroups in this dataset. The 10 subgroups are: dgn, presA, presB, ...

theta, xprod, 00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z and rest subgroups. The monthly means of diagnostic terms, (such as various heating terms, convective moistening rate, etc.) are in the dgn subgroup. The presA subgroup contains most commonly used parameters, like geopotential height, temperature, U and V winds, relative humidity, at all 17 pressure levels. The presB subgroup has the remaining variables on pressure levels. The theta subgroup includes all variables on isentropic levels. The xprod contains cross products of variables at pressure levels. The 00Z, 06Z, 12Z and 18Z subgroups have monthly means computed from those individual hours only. Monthly means of flux terms (like wind at 10m, temperature at 2m, etc) and accumulative variables (like precipitation rate, precipitable water, etc.) are in the rest subgroup.

The data files are in WMO GRIB format. Both the monthly means and their variances are in the same file but in different GRIB records. Examples of separating monthly means from variances are shown in how2use_grads.txt.

All subgroups will be available on line under data. The ones that are not on line yet will be moved over upon request.

97. China Monthly Station Maximum/minimum Temperature and Precipitation, 1965-1975, for 89 stations (ds578.3)

This dataset contains monthly precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature data for 89 Chinese stations for 1965 to 1975.

98. China Monthly Station Precipitation and Temperature, 1951-1984, for 50 stns (ds578.2)

This dataset contains monthly temperature and precipitation data for Chinese stations for 1951 to 1984.

99. GEWEX NASA Water Vapor Project (NVAP) (ds722.0)

A five year (1988-1992) total and layered global water vapor data set on 1x1 degree grids. This set is derived from radiosonde observations, TOVS and SSMI data. Precipitable ...

water cotent (PWC), layered PWC and cloud liquid water path (LWP) are the main products with supplemental products of each data source. The cloud LWP is over global oceans only. Daily, monthly, yearly and 5-day averaged grids are available.

100. Central England Temperatures, Manley, 1659-1995 (ds825.0)

This dataset contains a long time series of temperature for central England. Monthly mean temperatures are available from January 1659, and daily mean temperatures begin in January 1772. Both daily ...

and monthly means are available into 1999.

There are two time series of monthly temperatures: one from the U.K. Meteorological Office and one from Phil Jones at the University of East Anglia. The two series are not identical, but there are only a few significant differences, apparently due to errors in one of the series, but which one is not known.

101. Global Historical Climatology Net (GHCN) Version 2 Temperature, Precipitation, Pressure (ds564.0)

The Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) is a comprehensive global surface baseline climate data set designed for monitoring and detecting climate change. Comprised of surface station observations of temperature, precipitation, ...

and pressure, all GHCN data are on a monthly basis. GHCN is produced jointly by the National Climatic Data Center, Arizona State University, and Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

102. CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) (ds728.1)

Precipitation from five kinds of satellite estimates and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis model output are combined for global coverage monthly precipitation values. The standard products merge only the 5 kinds ...

of satellite estimates (GPI,OPI,SSM/I scattering, SSM/I emission and MSU). The enhanced products merge the satellite estimates with the blended NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis precipitation. Both products are available as monthly totals, pentads and long term monthly means on a global 2.5 degree latitude-longitude grid. All data is in the netCDF format.

103. NCEP/NCAR Global Reanalysis 8-day Forecast Products (ds090.1)

This data set contains forecast products from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project. The resolution of the Reanalysis Forecast Model is T62 (209 km) with 28 vertical sigma levels. Every five days, ...

beginning with 00Z 01 January, an 8 day forecast run is made. The initial time and outputs for every 12 hours are saved from this run. Pressure level and special level data are archived on the 2.5x2.5 latitude-longitude grid and flux fields are archived on the 192x94 Gaussian grid. Details on variables included are available elsewhere. Some special periods will be analyzed more than once to provide data for special research studies. For example, a special NOSAT run of 1979 was made excluding most satellite inputs. This run could be used for evaluating the impact of satellite data on the forecasts. See DS090.0for analysis and first guess fields. All data files of 1948-2005OCT are available as of 2005DEC29.

104. Global Ocean Precipitation Frequency and Characteristics, by Petty (ds541.2)

Grant Petty used the present-weather code values from COADS shipboard reports (1958-1991) to evaluate the frequencies and characteristics of global oceanic precipitation.

105. New Zealand Aircraft Data, 1978Dec22-1988Jun30 (ds362.0)

This dataset contains aircraft reports from New Zealand. Each report contains date, aircraft ID, location, temperature, and wind information.

106. NMC Eta Model Analyses, 3-hourly, 1994Jul11-1994Aug31 (ds068.0)

The products of NMC Eta model are archived in this dataset at spatial resolution of 40km with 38 vertical levels. This is the primary NMC mesoscale data archive over ...

North America including Alaska.

107. GFDL Global Monthly Atmospheric Circulation Analyses for May 1958 through December 1989 (ds217.1)

Twenty-two monthly statistical quantities make up this dataset of grids which describes the atmospheric general circulation at eleven vertical levels across the troposphere and stratosphere over a 32-year period. ...

These gridded analyses, created from upper air soundings across the globe, span the period from May 1958 to December 1989. The statistical parameters included, which are useful for comparing climate model simulations to actual observations, include monthly means and variances of horizontal and vertical wind, temperature, geopotential height, moisture, and horizontal wind divergence. There are also covariance terms describing the relationship between wind, temperature, moisture, and geopotential height.

In general, the analyses near the surface of the earth (900mb and below) tend to be less reliable than those of the higher levels because the individual rawinsonde reports are often incomplete due to missing 1000mb reports.

The data were provided to DSS by Bram Oort of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). The original grids are in an IEEE floating-point format, and DSS has created a netCDF version of the full dataset.

108. Hourly Surface Observations for Brazilian Stations, 1951Jan-1980Dec (ds486.0)

This set contains hourly surface data from several Brazilian stations. Reported variables include temperature and moisture information, visibility, present weather, cloud and wind information, pressures, and precipitation.

109. ECMWF TOGA Analyses for COARE, 6-hourly, 1992Nov15-1993Feb15 (ds320.0)

A special set of fields for the TOGA COARE region during 15 Nov 1992-15 Feb 1993. Fields consist of initialized analyses and short range forecasts from reruns of the T106L31 ...

ECMWF model. Use of this data is restricted to COARE scientists only.

110. Randel's Global Gridded Spectral Height and Temperature Fields (ds067.6)

This dataset contains once-daily global gridded geopotential height and temperature at levels from 1000mb up to 1mb for the period from April 1979 to May 1994. Bill Randel of NCAR ...

interpolated bad and missing data in the grids of ds067.1 and stored the new data as zonal Fourier coefficients on an approximate 4.5 degree latitude/longitude grid (consistent with R15 spectral resolution). Further information can be found in NCAR Technical Note 366, which is available from the UCAR publications office at (303) 497-8601.

111. China Monthly Station Precipitation and Temperature, 1951-2000 (ds578.1)

Monthly mean surface temperature (deg C) and monthly accumulated precipitation (mm) from 160 land stations in China from 1951 to 2000. This data comes from the Institute of Atmospheric ...

Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The stations were operated by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA).

112. Global (60N-60S) Monthly Temperature Anomaly and Heat Storage, by White (ds260.0)

Grids of temperature from XBT's taken during 1950-1993 were used to contruct grids on 11 levels from 0 to 400 meters.

113. The Pacific Rainfall Database (PACRAIN) (ds484.0)

The Pacific Rainfall Database (PACRAIN) dataset contains daily and monthly precipitation from stations in the tropical Pacific Ocean. The most up to date versions of this data can be downloaded ...

direclty from the PACRAIN web site

PACRAIN was significantly improved in 2008. Please see the home web site

114. NMC Global Tropospheric Analyses, tropopause subset, daily 1976Jul-1996Aug (ds082.2)

NCEP Global Tropospheric Analyses on 145x37 2.5 degree grids, one for each hemisphere, 1976Jul01-1997Apr12. The Flattery analysis method was used through 1978Sep21. It forced a relationship between heights and ...

winds which causes the zonal mean meridional wind at every level to be zero. This also caused other problems with winds in equatorial areas. The optimal analysis (OI) method (12 layer) started 1978Sep22. In 1985Apr the Medium Range Forecast (MRF) model started, with 18 layers. Analyses include geopotential height, temperature, wind (u- and v-components) and potential temperature. In more recent years the temperature analyses are derived from thickness temperatures.

115. NCAR ADP Upper Air Station History (DSS built) (ds902.0)

History of station position and elevation changes are archived for all stations in the NMC ADP upper air data set (ds353.4)

116. Russian Summary of Day, 1881-1989 (ds524.0)

This dataset contains Russian summary of day data for 223 Russian stations, beginning as early as 1881 and continuing through 1989. Information in each day's summary includes maximum, minimum, and ...

average temperatures and preciptation total.

117. NOAA Profiler Network (NPN) Observations, 1992May-continuing (ds359.0)

The NOAA Profiler Network (NPN) has 35 unmanned Doppler Radar sites in 18 central US states and Alaska. They provide hourly vertical profiles of wind data. The hourly netCDF ...

files disseminated from Forecast Systems Laboratory (FSL) of NOAA starting from May 1992 are archived in this dataset. It continues to be updated monthly.

U and V wind components from 500m above ground level to 16.25km are recorded at every 250m increment. Several stations may have been moved or added. Problems of bird contamination are also reported. Flags are used to indicate the quality of data.

Detailed description of NPN and recent data (of last 14 days) are available at FSL's NPN site.

118. AARI Russian North Polar Drifting Station Data, from NSIDC (ds474.0)

This dataset consists of 31 Russian north polar drifting stations which took observations of surface variables for the periods 1937-1938 and 1950-1991. We received the latest version of this data ...

from the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) via the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC).

119. German Climate Model Outputs for Carbon Dioxide Studies (ds318.6)

This dataset contains outputs from two runs of a coupled atmosphere (ECHAM-1) ocean (LSG) model at DKRZ in Hamburg. The runs were made in 1990 and they include a control ...

run and an IPCC Scenario A run. We received 100 years of monthly 10-year climatologies of 2m temperature, precipitation, net surface solar radiation, and reflected surface solar radiation in GRIB0 format.

We also received outputs from 100-year transient runs (control, IPCC Scenario A, and IPCC Scenario D). These included monthly means of 59 parameters at the surface and 15 isobaric levels. We were notified in May 1993 that there was a problem with the vertical interpolation in those runs, so the data are no longer in our public distribution, but they remain in our archive.

120. NCAR National Hail Research Experiment Radiosondes, 1972-1978 summers (ds603.0)

This dataset contains data from radiosonde observations made during the National Hail Research Experiment. Upper air data are available for the summers of 1972, 1973, 1974, 1976, and 1978.

121. Chang's SSM/I Monthy Precipitation Estimates (ds729.0)

This Global Precipitation Climate Project (GPCP) dataset contains 89 months of DMSP SSM/I derived monthly rainfall indices on a 5-degree latitude/longitude grid covering the oceans from 50S latitude to ...

50N. The period covered is July 1987 to December 1994 (December 1987 is missing because the SSM/I was turned off). DMSP F-8 SSM/I data were used from July 1987 to December 1991 and DMSP F-11 SSM/I data were used from January 1992 to December 1994.

123. Ptarmigan Dropsondes (Arctic reconnaissance) for 1950-1961 (ds358.0)

Dropsonde observations were made by the U.S. Air Force along the "Ptarmigan" track of its reconaissance program. This track was mainly over the Beaufort Sea and the western Arctic ...

Ocean. Vertical profiles of geopotential height, temperature, and dewpoint temperature at various pressure levels are available for eleven years between 1950 and 1961 (excluding 1953) for the lower troposphere mainly below 500mb.

In comparing the locations on the dropsondes to the locations on the aircraft reconaissance reports in ds360.0, DSS found that the dropsonde longitudes are off by 10 degrees. For dropsondes over the Western Hemisphere, the positions are 10 degrees east of the aircraft positions, and for the Eastern Hemisphere, they are 10 degrees west of the aircraft position.

124. NASA GASP (Global Atmospheric Sampling Program) Aircraft Observations, 1975Mar-1979Jul (ds368.0)

This dataset contains flight-level aircraft measurements from five GASP aircraft during the period of March 1975 to July 1979. Parameters measured by the aircraft include various meteorological variables, ozone, ...

carbon monoxide and particle densities, and flight information. The data records are in ASCII format, and are a constant length of 512 bytes.

125. University of Wisconsin Greenland Surface Observations, daily 1987-1998Jun (ds473.5)

This dataset contains daily surface observations from polar automatic weather stations on Greenland for January 1987 to October 1991. Observations are reported every 3 hours and are archived for ...

8 stations.

Data for 18 automatic weather stations in Greenland are available starting in 1999 from the Greenland Climate Network

126. University of Wisconsin Antarctic Surface Observations, daily 1980-cont (ds473.0)

This dataset contains daily surface observations from polar automatic weather stations on Antarctica from January 1980. Observations are available every 3 hours and include surface pressure, air temperature, humidity and ...

wind speed and direction.

127. NASA SAMS Experiment Zonal Mean Methane and Nitrous Oxide, 1979-1981 (ds709.0)

Zonal Mean Methane and Nitrous Oxide Concentrations from the Nimbus-7 Stratospheric and Mesopheric Sounder (SAMS) Experiment

128. Long-term Historical Rainfall Data for Australia (ds482.1)

Beth Lavery and colleagues at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology assembled this dataset of 191 Australian rainfall stations for the purpose of climate change monitoring and assessment. These stations were ...

selected because they are believed to be the highest quality and most reliable long-term rainfall stations in Australia. The longest period of record is August 1840 to December 1990, but the actual periods vary by individual station. Each data record in the dataset contains at least a monthly precipitation total, and most records also have daily data as well.

129. NOAA Polar Orbiter Global (GAC) Data, 1989Jan-1991Dec (ds703.0)

NOAA POLAR ORBITER GAC, 4KM DATA, 1989JAN01-1993NOV05. Data of the following periods are not available yet as of July 06, 1995. 1990JAN01 0000 UTC - 1990MAY24 0517 UTC ...

1992MAR04 1325 UTC - 1992MAR08 0551 UTC 1992MAR22 1131 UTC - 1992MAR26 0354 UTC 1993APR24 0900 UTC - 1993APR28 2200 UTC 1993JUN19 0000 UTC - 1993JUN24 0300 UTC 1993AUG15 0300 UTC - 1993AUG16 2300 UTC

130. May's Global Surface Temperature Climate Analyses, daily 1979-1989Jun (ds513.0)

This dataset contains ensemble means and standard deviations computed for daily temperature minimum and maximum, daily mean temperature and the difference between the daily minimum and maximum for 3,905 ...

global land stations. Both smoothed and unsmoothed means and standard deviations are computed using data from the period January, 1979 thru June, 1989.

Data is also available on a 2.5 degree latitude-longitude grid. Fields available on these grids include monthly mean daily minimum, maximum and mean temperature and the temperature difference. Annual mean daily minimum,maximum and mean temperatures are also available on the 2.5 degree grid. Several other statistical quantities are also available on this grid.

Please see "The Annual Variation of Surface Temperature over the World" NCAR tech note NCAT/TN-372+str for more information about the data available in this dataset.

131. Spencer's Global Oceanic Precipitation Analyses, 1979Jan-1994May (ds701.5)

This dataset contains daily and monthly oceanic precipitation analyses on a 2.5-degree global grid. The data were constructed from the Microwave Sounding Units of seven TIROS-N series satellites. Data ...

are available for the period between January 1979 and May 1994.

The daily data are considered to be not as reliable as the monthly data. Before using the daily data, it is highly recommended that you read the documentation associated with it.

132. GPCP Combined Precipitation Data (ds728.0)

This dataset contains monthly combined satellite-gauge precipitaion data as well as error estimates. A climatology is also available. All data is available on a 2.5x2.5 degree global lat-lon ...

grid.

The general approach used to create the final product was to combine precipitaton information available from each of several sources into a final merged product, taking advantage of the strengths of each datatype. The satellite data included microwave estimates based on Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) data, and IR precipitation estimates from geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites. Additional low-Earth orbit estimates include the TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) and OPI data from the NOAA series satellites. The gauge data are assembled and analyzed by the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) of the Deutscher Wetterdienst and by the Climate Prediction Center of NOAA.

A more detailed description of the data can be found here.

133. Diaz' Global Land Precipitation Analyses, monthly 1851-1989 (ds238.0)

This is a dataset of world monthly precipitation data from stations, and the associated monthly gridded analyses, 1851-1989. This dataset also contains a gridded monthly long term climatology and ...

gridded monthly anomolies. In all cases, the grid is a 4 degree latitude by 5 degree longitude grid, from 62 degress South to 86 degree North latitude and 0 degree to 355 degree East longitude. .

135. World Weather Disk Data (ds888.0)

Some of the data sets on the World Weather Disk CD-ROM have been put on the mass store for use at NCAR. These sets include the Worldwide Airfield Summaries, the ...

U.S. Station Climatological Summaries, and the U.S. Local Climatological Data.

136. U.S.A.F. TDF54 Time Series Radiosondes, daily 1943Jan-1974Dec (ds390.5)

Collection of time series raobs for 1943-1974, for selected areas of the world, produced and maintained by USAFETAC, Asheville, NC. Entire set was sent to GFDL for intermediate processing, ...

then returned to NCAR for final reformatting.

138. ECMWF AMEX Global Tropospheric and Stratospheric Analyses, daily 1987Jan (ds618.0)

This dataset contains daily tropospheric and stratospheric analyses from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for the Australian Monsoon Experiment (AMEX) period of January 10-January 22, 1987. ...

The grids are in GRIB Edition 0 format, and parameters include temperature, geopotential height, relative humidity, vertical motion, vorticity, and wind divergence on levels from 1000mb up to 10mb. There are also some surface variables available.

139. NASA International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) C2, 1983-1991 (ds742.1)

Monthly averages for each 3-hour period during a day, and monthly average for all data Extended to Jun 30, 1991 as of Jul 5, ...

1995.

News as of August 23, 1993: ISCCP Global Processing Center is changing the algorithm for cloud detecion. The "old" algorithm which was used to generate C1 and C2 products so far will be replaced by the "new" algorithm. The new algorithm will improve the cloud dection in the polar regions. The production of "C" level products of the current and previous months will progress in parallel. It is expected to have 10-year (July 1983 to June 1994) ISCCP C products in Fall 1995. The C1 and C2 products using the "old" algorithm stops at the end of June 1991. Again, if you are interested in areas other than the polar regions (cutoff at about 55 latitude), little change of the cloudiness caused by using the new algorithm is expected.

140. University of Wisconsin Antarctica Surface Observations, monthly 1980-1989 (ds582.0)

This dataset contains summary of the month data for Antarctic surface stations for 1980 thru October, 1991. Some of the variables provided include minimum and maximum air temperature, mean temperature ...

and air pressure, mean wind info and minimum and maximum air pressure. These data were obtained from the University of Wisconsin.

141. ECMWF TOGA Global Advanced Operational Spectral Analysis, daily 1985-2010 (ds111.0)

The ds111.n collection of datasets archives output from ECMWF's daily operational global numerical model. Dataset ds111.0 contains geopotential, temperature, wind, and moisture fields on constant pressure levels, starting in 1985. ...

The horizontal resolution of the DSS archive is T106 spectral resolution in spherical harmonics, however, in later years, the model is actually run at a much higher resolution (T511 as of 2001). All fields are output 4x a day at 00Z, 06Z, 12Z and 18Z. This dataset is updated twice a year. ECMWF maintains an online description of its operational model and its evolution.

The surface data can be found in ds111.1 and the supplemental fields inlcuding radiation,stress and flux terms are in ds111.3. The model precipitation is archived in ds111.6. The ECMWF operational model output on the 2.5 degree latitude-longitude grid can be found in ds111.2.

142. Masutani's ECMWF Global Tropospheric Climate Analyses, 1979Mar-1989Feb (ds219.0)

This dataset contains yearly, six-year, and ten-year seasonal means of geopotential height, temperature, wind, specific humidity, and vertical motion for atmospheric levels from 1000mb up to 30mb. These means ...

are based on the ECMWF daily operational analyses and are on a global 5-degree latitude/longitude grid.

The ten-year period is March 1979 to February 1989. The six-year climatology is included because the tropical fields were improved significantly when diabatic initialization was introduced into the analysis scheme in September 1982.

More information is available.

143. Chellia's CAC Global Tropospheric Climate Diagnostics, 1979-1988 (ds218.1)

This dataset contains longterm means of geopotential height, temperature, and wind for the troposphere from 1000mb up to 100mb. Means are computed for the period from 1979 to 1988 and ...

are stored on a global latitude/longitude grid with a resolution of 2.5 degrees.

144. CDROMs of Northern Hemisphere Gridded Analyses, 1946-1994Dec (ds195.5)

Version III CD-ROMs include twice daily analyses from 1946 through December 1994. Selected daily grids (not on CD-ROMs) of 1995-2009 are now available as of 2010JAN28.

146. Japan Summary of Day, 1951-1989 (ds518.0)

This dataset contains summary of day information (maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation amount) for Japanese stations from 1951 to 1989.

147. NMC MRF Global 10 Day Forecasts, daily 1990Jan-1999Feb (ds084.0)

10 day forecasts at 12 hour intervals from MRF model in spherical harmonics at R30 through 1995Nov beginning 1995Dec, on 2.5 deg grid ...

in GRIB

MORE

148. NCDC TD9734 Typical Meteorological Year, Solar and Surface (ds504.0)

This dataset contains daily surface data which represent the "typical meteorological year" (TMY) for stations in nine regions across the United States. Also in this dataset are solar radiation ...

data which represent the TMY for 26 SOLMET stations across the U.S.

149. Nimbus-7 THIR, CMATRIX, Cloud Data for 1979Apr-1985Mar (ds710.5)

Temperature Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) radiances together with Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) derived UV reflectivities, climatological temperature lapse rates, and current surface temperature and snow/ice information are used ...

to generate cloud data. The cloud data include, total cloud amount, cloud amounts at high, middle and low altitudes, currus and deep convective clouds, and cloud and surface radiances.

151. GISS Global Methane and Livestock Distribution, 1-Degree (ds866.0)

A global high resolution data base of animal population densities and associated methane (CH4) emissions has been developed at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA/GISS). The animal ...

population statistics were based primarily on the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) compilations and other sources. The animals were distributed using a 1x1 degree resolution data base of countries and land-use (Matthews, 1983). The animals included are cattle and dairy cows, water buffalo, sheep, goats, camels, pigs, horses, and caribou. Estimates of methane production from each animal type were applied to the animal populations to yield a global distribution of methane emissions by animals. About 55% of the global annual emissions was concentrated between 25 N and 55 N. Estimates of methane emissions from animals were based on the research by Crutzen et al (1986).

152. Shea's Stratospheric Zonal Wind and Temperature Profiles, monthly 1953-1988 (ds392.0)

This dataset contains monthly profiles of temperature and zonal winds at stratospheric levels between 70mb and 10mb for the period from January 1953 to December 1988.

153. Northeast Brazil Precipitation, daily and monthly, 1904-1983 (ds517.0)

Daily and monthly rainfall for 2300 stations in 10 states in northeastern Brazil are contained in this dataset. Although the first data is for 1904, sixty percent of the stations ...

do not report until the 1960s. The data was obtained from Jack Geisler, University of Utah.

154. Van de Boogard's Climate Analyses, January and July (ds206.0)

Climatologies for January and July were created for several levels and variables for the tropics and mid-latitudes from analyzed maps. Data from 1961 to 1980 were used to create the ...

2.5-degree resolution gridded climatologies.

155. Global Air Temperature and Precipitation Climatologies, by Willmott et al. (ds236.0)

Cort J. Willmott, Kenji Matsuura and David R. Legates (Center for Climate Research, University of Deleware), created a new version of this dataset (version 2.01) in November 1998. You may ...

find more recent data at the Willmott site.

156. Amos Eddy's U.S. Surface Analyses, daily 1881-1985 (ds508.0)

Daily Tmin, Tmax, Precip data for 1881-1985, interpolated to fill missing intervals. Prepared by the Oklahoma Climatological Survey under the direction of Amos Eddy. Long term averages of daily ...

values are also available as they are prerequisite to the interpolation scheme.

160. Hansen and Lebedeff's Global Surface Temperature Analyses, monthly 1880-1987 (ds283.0)

This dataset contains monthly surface temperature analyses for 1880-1987 for eighty equal-area zones over the globe.

161. Batelle's Wind Energy Summaries, various stations (ds816.0)

Statistical data from a world-wide wind energy resource assessment is provided for a selection of stations in Central and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific ...

Islands. The input data span the period from 1902 to 1978, but the input period of record for each station is highly variable. The statistics include average wind speed and wind power density by season and annually.

Wind speed frequencies, covariances of wind speed and direction, and wind power densities are provided for 22 Wyoming stations as part of a separate wind resource assessment. The input period for this study is approximately 1938-1978.

162. U.S. DOE Global Monthly Station Temperature and Precipitation, 1738-1980 (ds569.0)

Global monthly station temperature and precipitation data from the U.S. Department of Energy

164. CAC Monthly Global Analyses for October 1978 to September 1994 (ds086.0)

This dataset contains monthly means of several meteorological variables, their squares, and their cross-products for nine levels in the atmosphere. These mean grids were prepared by the Climate Analysis Center ...

(CAC) from NMC daily analyses. The grid is a 2.5 degree grid (145x37) for each hemisphere, so that data are available globally.

165. CDIAC U.S. Historical Sunshine Observations, 1891-1984 (ds565.1)

This dataset contains sunshine data for 240 U.S. stations (including Puerto Rico and nine Pacific islands) for the years from 1891 to 1984. The periods of record for individual ...

stations varies widely with only 49 (20%) stations having periods of at least 90 years. Howerver, 192 stations (80%) have periods of at least 30 years.

In addition to the total monthly and annual measurements of sunshine duration, total monthly and annual maximum possible sunshine duration and monthly and annual percentages of possiblesummary: sunshine duration are also provided.

166. U.S. Historical Climatology Network (HCN) Temperature and Precipitation, 1880-1994 (ds565.0)

The Historical Climatology Network (HCN) was established in part to aid in the detection of regional climate change. Some of the HCN stations are first-order weather stations, but most are ...

U.S. cooperative stations. To be included in the HCN, a station must have been active in 1987 and have had at least 80 years of temperature and precipitation data. The HCN database includes station histories, monthly temperatures, and total monthly precipitation data.

168. NCDC TD3210 U.S. First Order Summary of Day, 1884(1948)-continuing (ds509.0)

This data set, updated annually from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), contains summary of the day first order station surface weather observations. The stations are operated by the National ...

Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the U.S. Air Force (Air Weather Service), and the U.S. Navy (Navy Weather Detachment). The NWS and FAA sites are located in the contiguous U.S., Alaska, Puerto Rico, Hawaii and other Pacific Islands. The Air Force and Navy operate stations worldwide.

The observations are generally recorded midnight to midnight for the 24-hour period. The major data parameters are wind, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, wet-bulb temperature, dew-point temperature, maximum relative humidity, minimum relative humidity, precipitation, station pressure, sea level pressure, snowfall, snow depth, and present weather.

The earliest data is for 1881 but most stations begin in 1948. There are currently about 630 first order stations reporting. Periods of record vary widely among the stations.

171. NMC NGM North America Analyses, daily 1984Oct-1997Jan (ds069.5)

Limited area NGM grids from NMC. Analyses and 6 hrly forecasts (to 48 hr) made each 12 hours. For North America. Same grid as for LFM.

172. London's Global Vertical Stratospheric Ozone Profiles from OGO-4, 1967Sep-1969Jan (ds806.0)

This dataset contains vertical ozone profiles from the OGO-4 satellite at six stratospheric levels between 15mb and 0.25mb.

173. U.S.S.R. Various Global and Hemispheric Analyses, 1880-1985 (ds112.0)

As part of a data exchange involving climate data, DSS received various global and hemispheric gridded analyses from the U.S.S.R. The analyses include a long time series of Northern Hemisphere ...

surface pressure spanning the period 1880-1979, global total cloud amount for 1966-1985, and surface temperature, sea-level pressure, and upper-level geopotential heights for the overarching period of 1948-1984 (actual periods vary by parameter and atmospheric level).

174. Garcia and Hamilton's Batavia (Djakarta) Pressure Observations, hourly 1866-1944 (ds490.0)

Hourly barometric measurements at the Dutch Royal Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory at Batavia (Djakarta), keypunched in a project by Kevin Hamilton (McGill University) and Rolando Garcia (NCAR) in 1986 ...

from the Observatory Yearbooks published during the period of record.

175. U.S.S.R. Radiosonde Observations, 1961-1970 (ds402.0)

This dataset contains upper air reports from six stations in the U.S.S.R.: Olyonok, Kustanay, Petropavlosk-Kamchatskiy, Omsk, Alma-ata, and Chita, for the period from January 1961 to December 1970.

176. CAC Global Tropospheric Climate Diagnostics, 1978Oct-1985Sep (ds218.0)

This dataset contains monthly longterm climatological means, variances, and covariances of geopotential height, temperature, specific humidity, wind, and vertical motion for the atmosphere from 1000mb up to 50mb. Longterm means ...

are computed over the period from October 1978 to September 1985. The data are on a global latitude/longitude grid with a resolution of 2.5 degrees.

178. CPC Global Summary of Day/Month Observations, 1979-continuing (ds512.0)

This global summary of the day and month data set is obtained on a delayed monthly basis from the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction ...

(NCEP). CPC extracts surface synoptic weather observations from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) and performs limited automated validation of the parameters. The data is then summarized for all reporting stations on a daily basis to current operational requirements related to the assessment of crop and energy production.

Data coverage begins in 1979. In 1987 there is a format change and additional parameters were added. Major parameters include maximum temperature, mimimum temperature, precipitation, vapor pressure, sea level pressure, maximum relative humidity, and minimum relative humidity. If the maximum or minimum temperatures are not reported, they are estimated from reported air temperatures in the regular synoptic reports when sufficient data exist. Starting in 1994, total sky cover, 3-hourly wind direction and speed, and total snow depth are included. There are approximately 8900 actively reporting stations. Periods of record vary widely among the stations.

CAUTIONARY NOTE: NCEP incorrectly decoded the wind units indicator from 01Feb2001 until 15Z,11Jun2002, which caused a knots versus m/sec problem. Not all stations were affected. Users may, with caution, apply the knots or m/sec conversion where it appears to be the correct choice.

179. ECMWF FGGE TD101 Global Reanalyses, SOP 1 and 2, 1979 (ds307.3)

ECMWF reanalyses of the FGGE Special Observation Periods (SOP: 1979Jan10 - 1979Mar05 and 1979May05 - 1979Jul31) based on FGGE IIIb, 1985 version. No plans to do the rest of ...

the FGGE year (as of April 1989). These are the 1986Dec versions of the analyses, and are the initialized grids.

180. Weickmann's NESS 5-day Mean Infrared Brightness Analyses, June 1974 to September 1986 (ds676.1)

This dataset contains 5-day mean brightness analyses from NOAA's National Environmental Satellite Services (NESS) for the period from June 1974 to September 1986. The data are on a 5-degree ...

global grid.

182. India Precipitation, weekly 1979-1985 (ds481.0)

India weekly precipitation, 1979 through 1985, for 34 mainland divisions and an island, have been digitized by Eric Smith, Florida State University, from India's "Weekly Weather Report", provided by D. ...

Sikka. This is based on the stations that report operationally (probably 500-1000 stations). More stations are available in delayed time. The division precipitation for a week is the average of stations that did report during that week. The weeks are continuous. The division normals for the period 1901-1970 are included in the data.

183. Arkin's GOES Half-Monthly Temperature Distribution Histograms, December 1981 to October 1989 (ds718.0)

This dataset contains global semi-monthly temperature distribution histograms derived from GOES satellite data. The data are on a 2.5-degree grid and span cover the period from December 1981 to ...

October 1989.

184. CAC Outgoing Longwave Radiation, Monthly Means and Half Month Means, 1974Jun-1999Feb (ds718.5)

This dataset contains monthly and semi-monthly means of outgoing longwave radiation derived from polar orbiting satellites passing over each earth location at least twice daily. The data from both ...

the "morning" and "evening" passes are on a global 2.5-degree latitude/longitude grid.

185. Sadler's Monthly Central Pacific Nephanalyses, February 1965 to February 1978 (ds672.5)

This dataset contains monthly nephanalyses of average daily cloud cover for the central Pacific Ocean. The data are on a 2.5-degree grid covering the Pacific from 30S latitude to 57.5N, ...

and from 105E longitude to 282.5E. The analyses were provided by James Sadler of the University of Hawaii.

186. U.S.A.F. ETAC DATSAV TD57 Global Aircraft Observations, 1947-1985 (ds360.0)

Two periods (1947Jan-1959Jan and 1976Jan-1985Dec) of global aircraft observations from U.S.A.F. ETAC decode and obtained by DSS.

188. GATE Analyses by Ooyama, Chu and Esbensen, 1974Aug-Sep (ds310.0)

These volumes contain the Ooyama, Esbensen and Chu analysis of upper air soundings taken during Phase III of GATE. The analyzed data has been interpolated to a regular grid ...

using a statistical interpolation technique developed by Ooyama (1987: Mon. Wea. Rev., v.115, pp.2479-2506). The method was applied to the wind data by KV Ooyama and J-H Chu, and to the temperature and relative humidity data by SK Esbensen. A technical report on the temperature and relative humidity analysis is available from SK Esbensen .

190. NESS NOAA Vertical Temperature Profile Radiometer (VTPR) Observations, 1972-1979 (ds692.0)

Eight infrared channels from NOAA's Vertical Temperature Profile Radiometer (VTPR) provide global vertical temperature data for the period from November 1972 to February 1979.

191. CAC TD9643 U.S. Station Temperature and Precipitation, monthly 1981-1983 (ds570.3)

Monthly temperature and precipitation for U.S. stations for 1981 to 1983 from the Climate Analysis Center (CAC).

192. Jones' Mongolia Summary of Month, 1936-1983 (ds579.0)

This dataset contains summary of month data for 71 Mongolian stations for 1936 to 1983. Summary information includes monthly mean temperature and total monthly precipitation. These data were obtained ...

from Phil Jones at the University of East Anglia.

193. NOAA (ERL) Highly Reflective Cloud (HRC) Analyses, monthly 1971-1985 (ds740.1)

NOAA has computed monthly total and normalized monthly total grids from daily 1-degree grids of highly reflective clouds (HRC) for January 1971 to December 1985. In addition to these ...

grids, there are grids indicating the number of missing days in the monthly total grids, and long term means and standard deviations of normalized monthly total grids.

These data are based on once daily visible pictures from orbiting satellites. The pictures were manually inspected for highly reflective clouds. If a 1-degree lat-lon square was dominated by such clouds that were likely to be associated with precipitation, a "yes" was recorded for the square.

194. NOAA (ERL) Highly Reflective Cloud (HRC) Analyses, daily 1971-1987 (ds740.0)

HRC highly reflective clouds, tropical daily (for tropical precipitation). Has daily occurrence of HRC for 1-degree squares from 25S - 25N. Daily grids Jan 1971 - Jan 1988. Also, monthly grids ...

have been calculated for which a NOAA atlas is available.

195. Gelman's CAC Global Analyses, September 1978 to February 1998 (ds067.1)

This dataset contains global once-daily and monthly-mean gridded analyses for September 1978 to February 1998, which were produced by NMC's operational models. At mandatory levels from 1000mb up to 0.4mb, ...

grids contain geopotential height and temperature. At the tropopause, grids contain pressure and temperature. Also included are total column ozone and upward flux of longwave radiation.

The grid is a 65x65 polar-stereographic grid, centered on the Pole (North or South). Global coverage is provided by combining two grids, one for the Northern Hemisphere and one for the Southern Hemisphere.

The Flattery analysis method was used through 26 July 1984, so the usefulness of grids in that period is suspect. After that time, the analysis method used was the same as for other NMC global archives.

196. Arkin's Monthly Tropical Wind and OLR, 1968-1984 (ds719.0)

Monthly tropical strip wind and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). OLR is the 1985 revised calibration. For the 1974-1978 period, the winds here are better than in the ...

NMC analyses.

199. GATE Aircraft Observations, 1974Jun-Sep (ds875.0)

This dataset contains observations from U.S. and some foreign aircraft during the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE). The GATE period was from June to September 1974.

202. U.S.S.R. Northern Hemisphere Daily Sea-Level Pressure Grids for 1880 to 1979 (ds012.0)

This dataset contains once-daily Northern Hemisphere sea-level pressure data on a 10-degree by 5-degree (36x16) latitude/longitude grid for the period 1880 to 1979.

206. Canadian Monthly Station Temperature and Precipitation (ds576.0)

This dataset contains monthly temperature and precipitation data for Canadian surface stations through 1989. The period of record for individual stations varies widely, but some stations have data as far ...

back as 1891.

208. NCDC TD14 and TD3280 U.S. Surface Airway Hourly Observations, 1938(1948)-2005 (ds470.0)

This data set, from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), contains hourly or 3-hourly surface weather observations, primarily measured at major airports and military bases. The stations are operated by ...

the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the U.S. Air Force (Air Weather Service), and the U.S. Navy (Navy Weather Detachment). The NWS and FAA sites are located in the contiguous U.S., Alaska, Puerto Rico, Hawaii and other Pacific Islands. The Air Force and Navy operate stations worldwide; however, only a few are included in this set.

The observations are generally recorded midnight to midnight for the 24-hour period. The major data parameters are clouds, visibility, wind, temperature, sky cover, relative humidity, pressure, and descriptive weather. The earliest data is for 1938 but most stations begin in 1948. There are about 300 stations.

TD14 refers to the NCDC format of the original data up through 1983, which has been converted into a packed binary format; TD3280 refers to the ASCII format used at NCDC beginning with the 1984 data.

This set was retired from production at NCDC after 2005.

210. U.S. Surface Monthly Station Normals and Sequential Data (ds574.0)

This dataset contains 30-year normals of temperature and precipitation for U.S. stations. Also included are the sequential temperature and precipitation data that were used to compute the normals.

211. Australia Precipitation, Daily and Monthly from January 1832 to February 1983 (ds482.0)

This dataset contains daily and monthly precipitation data for Australian stations. The general period of record is January 1832 to February 1983, but the actual periods vary by ...

individiual station.

212. Sadler's Tropical Pacific 250mb Wind Analyses, monthly 1966-1973 (ds208.1)

Aircraft and rawinsonde (300, 250, and 200mb) observations over the tropical Pacific were analyzed to produce monthly grids of wind at approximately 250mb for the periods January 1966 to September ...

1968 and August 1970 to December 1973. The grid has a resolution of 2.5 degrees and runs from 30S to 45N latitude and 75E to 70W longitude.

213. India Precipitation, daily monthly 1901-1970 (ds480.0)

Daily station rainfall data for India. There were 1632 stations in 1901, 2536 in 1970. Note that 1473 stations have 67 or more years of data. Total daily observations ...

76.4 million.

214. Canadian Surface Observations, daily 1963jan-1976dec, 95 stations (ds469.0)

This dataset contains daily surface observations from ninety-five Canadian stations from January 1963 to December 1976.

215. Krishnamurti's Tropical Tropospheric Wind Analyses, monthly 1965-1974 (ds302.3)

This dataset contains monthly tropical wind analyses at 850mb and 200mb for January 1965 to December 1974. The data are on a 2.5-degree grid covering the global tropics from ...

25S latitude to 45N latitude.

216. Northern Hemisphere Surface Pressure and Precipitation Grids from the U.S.S.R. (ds235.0)

This data set contains Northern Hemisphere surface pressure and precipitation data prepared by the U.S.S.R. The surface pressure grids include average monthly pressures for 1873-1981 and climatological normals by ...

month for 1873-1973 and 1931-1960. Precipitation grids include percentages of normal for all Januarys and all Julys for 1891-1979.

DSS has created a GRIB version of this set for users who prefer the GRIB format.

219. Boulder, CO Strong Downslope Wind Events of 1969 (ds501.5)

This dataset contains wind speed, direction, and gust data for Boulder, Colorado during strong downsloping wind events in 1969.

220. Monthly Time Series Radiosondes, 1948 and continuing (ds391.0)

A collection of monthly time series upper air soundings, derived by DSS from the collections of daily soundings in ds390.0 and ds390.1.

221. NCEP Stratospheric Analyses, daily 1981Jun-1997Mar (ds067.0)

The Global Stratospheric Analyses are provided on a pair of 65x65 polar grids. These were operationally prepared by NCEP daily, ...

at 12Z.

The analyses are available on 8 mandatory levels from 70mb to 0.4mb. Parameters include pressure, geopotential height, temperature, and total column ozone.

More information is available

225. Summer Monsoon Experiment (SMONEX), 1979May-Jul (ds605.5)

Data from the Summer Monsoon Experiment, collected by NCAR, NASA, NOAA and France. The project area was over Saudi Arabia, the Arabian Sea, and the Bay of Bengal.

226. U.S. and Canada Monthly Surface Station Climatology (ds570.2)

This subset of the World Monthly Surface Station Climatology contains monthly climatologies for U.S. and Canadian surface stations.

228. White's Northern Hemisphere Circulation Statistics, summers 1966-1977 (ds820.1)

This dataset contains Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation statistics at various tropospheric levels for the summers (the 120-day periods beginning June 1) of 1966 to 1977. These statistics were prepared by ...

Glenn White at the University of Washington.

229. GATE Commercial and Research Aircraft Observations (ds880.0)

This dataset contains flight-level aircraft data collected during the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) from commercial and research aircraft. The GATE period was from June to September 1974.

230. Newell's NMC Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Analyses, weekly 1972Jan-1973Jun (ds191.0)

This dataset contains analyses of geopotential height and temperature at the 100mb, 10mb, 5mb, and 2mb stratospheric levels over the Northern Hemisphere. The data are on a latitude/longitude grid with ...

a 10-degree resolution. The analyses were produced by the National Meterological Center (NMC) from available radiosonde and rocketsonde data, and they are available at weekly intervals from January 1972 through June 1973.

232. Krishnamurti's GATE Tropical 300mb, 250mb, and 200mb Wind (ds302.1)

This dataset contains 100 days of tropical wind analyses for the 300mb, 250mb, and 200mb levels. These analyses were provided by T.N. Krishnamurti at Florida State University. The u- ...

and v-components of the wind are contained in a 2.5-degree grid covering the tropical globe.

234. Feiber's Global 500mb and 300mb Vorticity Indices, 1946-1979Feb (ds814.0)

This dataset contains global 500mb and 300mb vorticity area indices which were compiled by the Aspen Institute. The indices are stored on polar-stereographic grids, one for each hemisphere. For the ...

Northern Hemisphere indices, the 20 and 24 vorticity contour levels were used, and for the Southern Hemisphere, the 16 contour level was used.

The 500mb Northern Hemisphere grids cover the period from January 1946 to February 1979 and the 300mb grids span the period from April 1955 to December 1977. For the Southern Hemisphere at both levels, grids are available from April 1972 to January 1978.

235. TWERLE Southern Hemisphere Drifting Balloon Data, 75Jun13-76Aug09 (ds615.0)

This dataset contains data from the Tropospheric Wind Earth Radio Location Experiment (TWERLE) constant-level balloons over the Southern Hemisphere for June 1975 to August 1976. The balloon measurements were taken ...

at pressures near 150mb and include temperature and wind.

237. NMC LFM North America Tropospheric Analyses, daily 1971Oct-1995Dec (ds069.0)

This dataset contains the Limited Fine Mesh (LFM) model output from NCEP. The output contains initial time analyses and forecast fields from 6 hours out to 48 hours. These ...

grids are no longer being produced by NCEP. The December, 1995 data is the last data we will archive from the LFM model.

238. FGGE Dropwindsondes, 1978Dec-1979Jul (thru Shea) (ds610.0)

This dataset contains dropwindsonde data from the First GARP Global Experiment (FGGE) Special Observation Periods 1 (December 7, 1978 to February 26, 1979) and 2 (May 6, 1979 to ...

July 25, 1979).

239. FGGE Constant Level Balloon Observations, 1979Jan-Jul (ds800.1)

This dataset contains constant-level balloon observations from the First Global GARP Experiment (FGGE) for 7 January to 16 July 1979.

240. NESS GOES Wind data, October 1974 to February 1984 (ds720.0)

This dataset contains GOES satellite cloud wind data for various periods between October 1974 and February 1984. All observations are from the final NESDIS archive.

242. NOTOS IGY Daily Southern Hemisphere Sea-Level Pressure and 500 mb Height Grids for 1957 June to 1958 December (ds102.0)

The grids in this dataset contain Southern Hemisphere sea-level pressure and 500mb height data for the International Geophysical Year (IGY) period of June 1957 to December 1958. The data are ...

on a 5-degree latitude/longitude grid covering the hemisphere from 15S to the South Pole.

The data originally came from South Africa where it was on a 10-degree by 5-degree diamond latitude/longitude grid. DSS interpolated data to the missing gridpoints to provide a resolution of five degrees in both directions.

244. NCDC Western Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Analyses, weekly Jan,Apr,Jul,Oct 1964-66 (ds190.0)

The weekly stratospheric analyses of geopotential height and temperature in this dataset were produced from available radiosonde and rocketsonde data for the 5mb, 2mb, and 0.4mb levels. Grids are ...

available for the months of January, April, July, and October from 1964 through 1966 and cover the western Northern Hemisphere from 140E longitude to 360E.

245. Gelman's NMC Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Analyses, wkly 1976Jul-1977Apr (ds190.3)

Satellite radiance information was used to produce a "first guess" of the geopotential height and temperature fields at the 5mb, 2mb, and 0.4mb stratospheric levels, and available rocketsonde data ...

was used to adjust the fields through an objective analysis procedure. The 65x65 polar-stereographic grids cover the Northern Hemisphere and are available weekly (on Wednesdays) from July 1976 through April 1980 for the months of January, April, July, and October.

246. Schutz and Gates (Rand) Global Climatology for January, April, July, and October (ds207.0)

Surface and Upper air climatology. Upper air climatology interpolated from data supplied by NCAR from DS200.0and DS205.0, and data supplied by NOAA, USAF(ETAC), and others.

248. U.S.S.R. Northern Hemisphere Surface Temperature Anomalies, monthly 1891-1972 (ds213.0)

Northern Hemisphere monthly surface temperature anomalies for 1891-1972 from the U.S.S.R. as part of an agreement on the exchange of climate data.

249. German IGY Tropical Sea Level Pressure, daily 1957Jun-1958 (ds106.0)

This dataset contains sea-level pressure data on a 5-degree latitude/longitude grid over the global tropics from 25S to 25N. The time period covered by the data is for the International ...

Geophysical Year (IGY) of June 1957 to December 1958.

250. New Zealand Area Sea Level Pressure, daily 1957Jun-1978Feb (ds109.0)

This dataset contains gridded sea-level pressure data that covers the area around New Zealand. The grid is a 16x16 grid over the area from 5S to 80S and 60E ...

to 150W, with a resolution of five degrees in latitude and ten degrees in longitude. For the period from June 1957 to February 1958, the sea-level pressures were extracted from the 00Z meteorological charts.

252. Sadler's Global Aircraft Observations, daily 1960-1973 (ds365.0)

Global aircraft observations containing temperature and wind measurements for the period from January 1960 to December 1973. Obtained from James Sadler at the University of Hawaii.

253. FSU's BOMEX Radiosonde Observations, daily 1969May-Sep (ds383.0)

Radiosonde observations, by four ships, from the Barbados Oceanogaphic and Meteorological EXperment, collected by Florida State University.

254. Global (but spotty non-U.S.) Monthly Mean Radiosonde Observations, 1950-continuing (ds430.0)

Upper air data from the Monthly Climatic Data for the World, obtained from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC).

255. Portable Automated Mesonet (PAM) Obs, 1977Apr-1982Nov (ds389.0)

This dataset contains data from Portable Automated Mesonets from various meteorological experiments and for various periods between April 1977 and November 1982.

256. U.S.A.F. ETAC TD9600 Surface Observations, 1967Feb-Apr and 1976Aug (ds460.0)

Global surface observations from the U.S.A.F. for February 1967 to April 1967 and for August 1976.

259. U.S. AFGWC Global Surface Observations for SESAME, few days 1977Apr-Sep (ds462.2)

DSS acquired this data for Kreitzberg's work in the Severe Storms in American Midwest Experiment. Data exist only for a few days across the period from April to ...

September 1977.

260. Denver, CO and Buckley U.S.A.F. Surface Observations, hourly 1948-1972 (ds491.0)

This dataset contains hourly surface observations from the Denver, Colorado and Buckley Air Force Base, Colorado observing stations. These data were provided to DSS by the U.S.A.F.

264. Sadler's Pacific Island Precipitation, monthly 1965-1972 (ds466.0)

This dataset contains monthly precipitation values on a 2.5-degree grid covering the tropical Pacific Ocean from 30S latitude to 30N and from 105E longitude to 290E. Grids are available from ...

January 1965 to December 1972.

Monthly station data with various periods of record, ranging from 1874-1973, are also available.

265. GATE ASECNA African Daily Precipitation for 1974 (ds515.0)

This dataset contains daily precipitation data for 1974 for stations in several African countries. These data were provided by ASECNA (Agency for Air Traffic Safety in Africa and Madagascar) ...

as part of the GATE experiment.

266. NCC U.S. 3- and 6-Hourly Station Data, July 1969-September 1976 (ds521.0)

Station data from 255 U.S. surface stations are archived in this dataset. Station observation data include temperature, dewpoint, wind, visibility, weather, and clouds. Prio to October 1972, observation data ...

are available at 6-hourly intervals, and from October 1972 on, they are available at 3-hourly intervals. The station reports also include 6-hourly precipitation amounts and daily maximum temperature.

267. End-of-Day Temperature and Precipitation for Long-Period U.S. and Canadian Stations (ds522.0)

Daily maximum and minimum temperature (MAX_T and MIN_T) and precipitation amount (PRCIP) are available for 497 U.S. and Canadian stations, which were extracted from other DSS datasets because of ...

their long periods of record. The general period of record is 1874 to 1979, but it varies by individual station. For the U.S. stations, no period is shorter than 29 years, with most being much longer. There is more variation in the periods of the Canadian stations. For specific station information, you should view the inventories. Most users will probably want to use the ASCII record format, but a packed-binary version of the data is also available.

For more information about the data itself, please see the source datasets. The Texas stations were extracted from ds510.2. The other U.S. stations were selected from ds510.4, ds520.0, and ds521.0. The Canadian stations are from ds516.0.

268. Vecchia's Upper Midwest U.S. Monthly Station Summaries (ds528.0)

This dataset contains monthly summary information for stations in seven upper-Midwest states (Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, and Nebraska). Included in the summaries are temperature, precipitation, and ...

snowfall statistics.

269. GARP Global Upper Air and Surface Obervations for June 1970 (ds600.0)

This Global Atmospheric Research Programme (GARP) dataset was compiled from observations received operationally at the National Meteorological Center (NMC) and the Environmental Technical Applications Center (ETAC), from teletype-punched cards, and ...

from special mailed in reports. Data for June 1970 include global upper air and surface observations from land stations, global surface marine data, and global aircraft reports.

270. Pazan's U.S. Navy Northern Hemisphere Sea-Level Pressure Grids for 1946Jan to 1978Dec (ds018.1)

The daily sea-level pressure grids in this dataset were received from Steve Pazan of the U.S. Navy Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center (FNOC). The 63x63 polar-stereographic grids cover the period ...

January 1946 to December 1978.

271. Line Island Experiment Aircraft Observations, 1967Mar-Apr (ds602.1)

The Line Islands Experiment of 1967 produced extensive data on disturbances in the equatorial trough zone. DSS has flight-level aircraft data from flights in February, March, and April 1967 that ...

were flown in conjunction with the experiment.

272. NCEP ADP Operational Global Upper Air Observations, December 1972 - February 2007 (ds353.4)

These NCEP ADP operational global synoptic upper air data reports were collected form the GTS during time slots centered on the 6-hourly analysis times of their global and regional models. ...

The groups include ADPUPA, AIRCFT, SIRSOB, SATWND and AIRCAR. The ADPUPA includes 20 mandatory levels of data from 1000mb to 1mb. All groups include data for various levels, such as "significant level" and flight level. The reports may include pressure, geopotential height, temperature, dewpoint depression, wind direction and speed.

The ADPUPA data includes upper air station data from land and ship launched radiosondes and pibals. The AIRCFT data includes aircraft flight level reports from commercial, military and reconnaissance sources. The SIRSOB data subset includes satellite infrared sounding observations. The SATWND data includes satellite winds derived from cloud drift analysis. The AIRCAR data comes from aircraft takeoffs and landings.

Please see the file 'more.html' in the DOCUMENTATION tab for additional information about this dataset

273. NCDC TD3240 U.S. Cooperative Hourly Precipitation, continuing from 1948 (ds505.0)

The hourly precipitation observations contained in this set are obtained as months become available from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The reports are taken by observers at principle (primary) ...

stations, secondary stations, and cooperative observer stations operated by the National Weather Service (NWS) and the Federal Aviation Agency (FAA). The sites are located in the contiguous U.S., Alaska, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Hawaii and other Pacific Islands.

While most stations begin observations in 1948, some have observations as far back as 1900. There are currently more than 2500 stations reporting. Periods of record vary widely among the stations.

275. NESS NOAA-1 Longwave Analyses, 1971Apr-Jul (ds671.0)

NOAA's National Environmental Satellite Services (NESS) has provided global longwave radiation analyses on a 5-degree latitude/longitude grid for the period from 19 April to 10 July 1971.

276. NMC Nimbus-5 Sea Ice and Rain Rate (ESMR) Data for February 1975 (ds673.0)

This dataset contains daily sea ice and rain rate data from the Nimbus-5 Electronically Scanned Microwave Radiometer (ESMR). The data, on a global 2.5-degree latitude/longitude grid, cover the 22-day ...

period from 29 January to 19 February 1975.

277. Boulder, CO Daily Temperature and Precipitation Weather Data for January 1897 to December 1977 (ds501.0)

Daily temperature and precipitation data have been assembled from Boulder newspaper weather pages and other available sources to provide a history of Boulder, CO weather from January 1897 to ...

December 1977.

279. Ascension Island Radiosonde Observations, 1968-1977Mar (ds400.0)

This dataset contains radiosonde observations from the Ascension Islands for the period from January 1968 to March 1977.

281. U.S. Controlled Time Series Radiosonde Observations, daily 1948-con (ds390.1)

U.S. controlled station time series of upper air observations (soundings) comprise the data in this set. From the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), DSS obtains annual updates of the DSI-6301 ...

UPPER AIR DIGITAL FILES, which are then quality checked, reformatted, hydrostatically checked, and merged into existing station time series.

Primarily, stations are located in the contiguous U.S., Alaska, the Caribbean, Hawaii and other Pacific Islands, plus Keflavik, Ascension Island, Diego Garcia, and the South Pole. There are currently about 110 stations received.

Mandatory, standard, and significant levels may include pressure, height, temperature, moisture, wind direction and speed. Earliest data is for 1945, but periods of record vary widely among the stations.

282. NESS Visual and Infrared Brightness Analyses SRVIS and SRIR, 1974-1998 (ds676.0)

This dataset contains NESS solar and infrared radiation data on global 2.5 degree latitude-longitude grids and 125x125 polar stereographic grids. The data is derived from data from the NOAA polar ...

orbiting satellites.

283. Nicholson's Africa Precipitation, monthly 1901-1984 (ds571.0)

Sharon Nicholson at Florida State University compiled this dataset of monthly rainfall totals for African stations. The period covered is 1901 to 1984.

284. NESS NOAA Vertical Temperature Profile Radiometer (VTPR) Observations, 1974Sep (ds691.0)

This dataset contains global vertical temperature data from the NOAA Vertical Temperature Profile Radiometer (VTPR) for September 1974.

285. French EOLE Southern Hemisphere Balloon Observations, 1971Aug-1972 (ds800.0)

EOLE Balloon Experiment over the Southern Hemisphere, involving constant-level balloons drifting near 200 mb. The French made a motion picture of balloon tracks.

289. Lau's Northern Hemisphere Circulation Statistics, winters 1965-1976 (ds820.0)

Winter seasonal circulation statistics for the Northern Hemisphere were derived from NMC analyses by Ngar-Cheung Lau. Grids are available at various tropospheric levels between 1000 and 100 millibars. The period ...

of record is 1965 to 1976, with each winter consisting of the 120 days beginning November 15.

291. Monthly Northern Hemisphere 47x51 Tropospheric Analyses, continuing from January 1946 (ds085.0)

The DSS assembled this long time-series collection of monthly gridded Northern Hemispheric data from the output of various operational models. Monthly mean grids are available separately for 00Z and 12Z ...

(or 03Z and 15Z in the earlier years). Parameters include temperature, geopotential height, and u- and v- wind components at various tropospheric levels, and sea-level pressure and surface temperature. The data are presented on a 47x51 north polar stereographic grid with a 381 km resolution (at 60N).

We continue to update this dataset mainly for users who have used it in the past and wish to continue receiving the same format. Particularly from April 1997 on, the grids in this dataset are derived from NCEP operational outputs that have a better resolution that what is offered here, so please consider those other more-recent datasets especially if your needs are for data from the late 1990s onward.

292. NSSFC Severe Local Storms Log (SELSLOG), 1955-1972Jun (ds808.0)

This dataset contains the log maintained by the National Severe Storms Forecast Center (NSSFC), of severe local storm event reports, from 1955 through June 1972. It has one line entries ...

for tornadoes, funnel clouds, surface wind gusts, hail and aircraft turbulence. There are about 3800 reports per year, from about 600 surface airways stations.

293. NOTOS Daily Southern Hemisphere Sea-Level Pressure Grids for 1951 to 1958 (ds100.0)

This dataset contains gridded sea-level pressure data for the Southern Hemisphere for January 1951 to December 1958. The grid is a 5-degree latitude longitude grid that covers the hemisphere from ...

15S to the South Pole, but no data are available south of 70S.

The data came to DSS originally from South Africa, where it was on a diamond latitude/longitude grid (10-degree longitude resolution by 5-degree latitude resolution) for most of the period. DSS interpolated, where possible, data to the original missing points to provide a 5-degree resolution in both directions.

294. Ozone Data for the World, 1951May-1975December (ds805.0)

The daily and monthly mean total ozone observations in this dataset were digitized from "Ozone Data for the World", published by the Meteorological Service of Canada in cooperation with the ...

World Meteorological Organization (WMO).

The published monthly mean total ozone values were sometimes found to be in error, in which case the errors were corrected in the digitized version. Some stations revise and correct previously published values of ozone which were in error perhaps because of lack of instrument calibration or an error in data reduction techniques.

295. High-Resolution Transmission Molecular Absorption Database (HITRAN), 1986 Edition (ds860.0)

This dataset contains the 1986 edition of the High-Resolution Transmission Molecular Absorption Database (HITRAN). The database is a compilation of spectroscopic parameters for use in calculating and predicting the ...

transmission and emission of radiation in the atmosphere.

297. U.K. Northern Hemisphere Sea-Level Pressure and 500mb Height Grids for 1944Dec to 1946Dec (ds020.1)

This dataset contains gridded Northern Hemisphere sea-level pressure and 500mb geopotential height data from the ...

United Kingdom.

The DSS has converted the original daily 10-degree by 5-degree sea-level pressure grids to a 5-degree by 5-degree grid, interpolating data to non-original gridpoints and computing monthly grids. The period covered is December 1944 to December 1946.

The daily 500mb geopotential height grids cover the period from January 1945 to December 1946 on a 10-degree by 5-degree grid.

298. NMC B-3 47x51 Northern Hemisphere Vertical Motion Analyses, daily 1958Oct-1972 (ds065.0)

This dataset contains various gridded Northern Hemisphere tropospheric analyses and 6-hour forecasts produced by NMC's operational model for the period October 1958 to December 1972. Vertical motion analyses at 650mb ...

and 350mb are available for most of the period, and geopotential heights and thicknesses for for various levels and layers are available until January 1965. Six-hour forecasts of vertical motion cover the period from July 1966 to December 1972. The grid is a 47x51 polar-stereographic grid centered on the North Pole.

299. Earth Insolation for 1.1 Million Years (from Belgium) (ds861.0)

This dataset contains monthly-average insolation values in 10-degree latitude bands for the past one million years and mid-month insolation values in the same latitude bands for one million years ...

BP (Before Present) to 100,000 years AP (After Present).

300. U.S. AFGWC Station (Surface and Upper Air) Library (ds900.0)

Prepared by the U.S. Air Force Global Weather Central (AFGWC). For each station listed, there is a name, WMO number, country code, latitude and longitude, elevation, and codes for observation ...

types. This list supports many datasets where the observation report shows only the WMO number as a station identification. Frequently updated by the USAF, we get some of those irregularly. DSS has built some subsets, and has been at work compiling an historical library which documents station period of observation, station moves, etc.

301. NCDC WBAN Station Library (ds900.1)

Prepared by the National Climatic Data Center. For each U.S. controlled (and Canadian) station listed, there is a name, WBAN number, latitude and longitude and elevation.

303. U.S.S.R. Northern Hemisphere Surface Temperature Analyses, monthly 1891-1981 (ds213.1)

Analyses of Northern Hemisphere surface temperature received from the U.S.S.R. as part of an agreement on the exchange of climate data.

304. Monthly Northern Hemisphere Sea-Level Pressure Grids, continuing from 1899 (ds010.1)

This dataset contains the longest continuous time series of monthly gridded Northern Hemisphere sea-level pressure data in the DSS archive. The 5-degree latitude/longitude grids, computed from the daily grids in ...

ds010.0, begin in 1899 and cover the Northern Hemisphere from 15N to the North Pole. The dataset continues to be updated regularly as new data become available.

Each monthly grid is a simple average of all available daily grids for the month. Prior to 1955, there is one grid per day. From July 1962 on, there are two grids each day. In the interim period, the number of daily grids varies between one and two.

The grids for the period 1899-1977 were inspected and many corrections were made by Kevin Trenberth of the Laboratory of Atmospheric Research at the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, and these grids are included in this dataset. For more information about these corrections, see the July 1980 issue of Monthly Weather Review.

305. NMC B-3 Operational Model 47x51 Northern Hemisphere Tropospheric Analyses, daily 1959-1972 (ds060.0)

This dataset contains daily gridded Northern Hemisphere analyses from NMC's operational model on a 47x51 polar-stereographic grid centered on the North Pole. Available parameters include geopotential height, temperature, stream functions, ...

thickness, and vertical velocity for various levels and layers through the troposphere. In general, the grids cover the period from January 1959 to December 1972, but periods for individual parameters will vary.

306. NMC 47x51 Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Analyses, daily 1964-1980 (ds061.0)

This dataset of daily gridded analyzed geopotential height and temperature for the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere covers the period from January 1946 to December 1980. The 47x51 polar-stereographic grids, centered on ...

the North Pole, were produced by NMC's operational model.

For data beyond 1980, see ds067.0, which provides global coverage of the stratosphere on a pair of 63x63 polar-stereographic grids centered on each Pole.

307. NCDC TD5850 Global Rocketsondes 1969-1988 (ds855.0)

The National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) has provided rocketsonde data for a handful of stations around the globe for 1969 to 1988. Usually, there is about one sounding per week, ...

but the frequency of data varies widely by individual station. The data are in NCDC TD5850 format.

308. U.S. AFGWC Northern Hemisphere Dewpoint and Cloud Analyses for 1963Sep to 1972Apr (ds036.0)

This dataset contains daily grids of dewpoint depression and cloud coverage for the period September 1963 to April 1972, provided by the U.S. Air Force Global Weather Central (AFGWC). ...

Grids are available twice-daily at 12-hour intervals (00Z and 12Z). Dewpoint depression is available at four levels (850mb, 700mb, 500mb, and 400mb), as are low, middle, high, and total cloud coverage.

311. U.S. Navy Northern Hemisphere Daily (and Monthly) Sea-Level Pressure and 500 mb Height Grids for 1946Jan to 1993Dec (ds018.0)

The gridded daily sea-level pressure analyses in this dataset were produced by the operational models of the U.S. Navy Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center (FNOC). The data are arranged in ...

a 63x63 polar-stereographic grid covering the Northern Hemisphere for the period January 1946 to December 1993. DSS has produced a set of monthly grids from the dailies.

This dataset also includes daily 500mb geopotential height grids for the period January 1946 to December 1955 on the same polar-stereographic grid as the sea-level pressure data.

312. London's Global Total Ozone Analyses, monthly 1957Jul-1976 (ds805.1)

Global monthly total ozone grid data obtained from Dr. Julius London, University of Colorado where the data was key entered and checked.

313. Krishnamurti's Tropical 200mb Wind, summers 1967 and 1972 (ds302.0)

This dataset containins tropical wind analyses at 200 mb from T. N. Krishnamurti of Florida State University. The time for all analyses is 12Z, units are meters/sec, and the ...

data are on a 2.5-degree latitude/longitude grid. The dates covered are 1 June 1967 through 31 August 1967, and 1 June 1972 through 31 August 1972.

315. ICOADS Auxiliary and Future Datasets (ds530.0)

The Auxiliary datasets are datasets in IMMA format that will be included in ICOADS as soon as possible. These auxiliary data are available through the ICOADS subsetting interface; ...

we recommend users acquire the data there. Future datasets are in various formats and require additional analysis and preparation for ICOADS, but could be useful for specific in-depth studies.

316. Norwegian Marine Surface Data (ds539.1)

Source data archives

Arctic region Norwegian ship logbook data. Digitized in Russia, St. Petersburg, by Ecoshelf.
Norwegian Logbook data from Wishman et al, circa 1995-1996

...

318. TOGA COARE Air-Sea Fluxes and Sea-Surface Data (ds606.1)

This dataset contains air-sea fluxes and sea-surface data obtained during TOGA COARE by aircraft, ship, buoy, and satellite. For more information about TOGA COARE, see the TOGA COARE Data Information System ...

pages. For a listing of other TOGA COARE datasets at DSS, see the TOGA COARE page under Special Projects.

319. Bishop's Surface Solar Irradiance derived from ISCCP (ds741.0)

Global surface solar irradiance data derived from ISCCP data in 2.5-degree-square boxes. Daily and monthly total irradiance, daily clear sky irradiance, monthly cloud fraction, std dev of total ...

irradiance.

The new high-resolution (DX) data is in ds741.1 dataset.

320. Matthew's GISS Methane from Rice Cultivation (ds867.0)

High-resolution global databases on the geographic and seasonal distribution of rice cultivation and associated methane emission, compiled by Matthews et al. (1991), have been archived for public use. These ...

data were developed to evaluate the role of rice cultivation in the annual emission of methane from terrestrial sources. The databases represent an integration of extensive information on the cultivation of rice in all 103 rice-producing countries of the world and reflect conditions for 1984.

The suite of 1-degree latitude/longitude resolution databases includes locations of rice cultivation, monthly arrays of actively growing rice areas, countries and political subdivisions, and monthly arrays of methane emission from rice cultivation.

321. Surface Water and Atmospheric CO2 and N2O Observations, from CDIAC (ds253.0)

Results from water analysis using shipboard automated gas chromatography. CDIAC dataset NDP044, Weiss, et. al.

322. URI Gulf Stream Crest Anatomy Hydrograhic Survey - Fall 1988 (ds545.1)

92 CTD oceanographic stations were collected to describe the crest of a Gulf Stream meander during 1988

323. Woods Hole Hydrographic Data from Warm Core Ring 1982-B (ds545.0)

Observed ocean data taken on three separte surveys of a warm core ring north of the Gulf Stream during 1982

324. Canadian ISDM (formerly MEDS) Drifting Buoy Observations (ds256.0)

Canadian quality-controlled Integrated Science Data Management (ISDM, formerly MEDS) drifting (and some moored) buoy data, used as input for International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set ...

(ICOADS).

Data from drifters with deep drogues, collected by the Institut fur Meereskunde, at the University of Kiel from 1980 to 1996, are also archived in this dataset.

326. China Daily Precipitation and Monthly Soil Temperature, 1951-1991 (ds485.0)

Daily station precipitation and monthly soil temperature from China, 180 stations. Prepared by China under exchange agreements.

328. EDIS TIROS-N Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) Observations, 1979-1980 (ds686.0)

TIROS TOVS soundings. Basic NESS format (compact), not FGGE format. Both basic radiances and a retrieval sounding in each report, each 250 km.

329. ICOADS Input Data Sources (ds539.5)

This dataset is comprised of various input datasets used to develop ICOADS. Some files are in original native format and other are in the ICOADS binary formats. Note, these data files are not recommended for general use. ...

Individual observations and monthly summary statistics in either a 1-degree by 1-degree or 2-degree by 2-degree latitude by longitude boxes are the recommended user data products. Much more information about ICOADS is available at the project website.

330. Marine surface meteorological and actinometric observations from Russian Research Vessels (ds533.1)

Meteorological and actinomtric (radiation) observations made aboard Russian Research Vesssels were digitized from cruise reports and logbooks at the All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information(RIHMI). The data cover 1937-2000 ...

with the large majority in 1970-1992. There were 3753 documents (logbooks) with meteorological observations and 1125 documents with actinometrical observations digitized. This work was support by a NSF grant.

331. Ship data digitized in China, GODAR project (ds541.4)

As part of the GODAR (Global Ocean Data Archeology and Rescue) surface marine ship data were digitized in China. The data were received from NCDC on CD-ROM.

332. TOGA/COARE Ocean Mixing Data (ds606.5)

This dataset contains ocean mixing data obtained during TOGA COARE. For more information about TOGA COARE, see the TOGA COARE Information System pages. For a listing of other ...

TOGA COARE dataset at DSS, see the TOGA COARE page under Special Projects.

333. Atlas of Surface Marine Data, climatology and monthly, by Da Silva and Young (ds541.1)

COADS observations (1945-1993) were used to derive climatologies and year-month anomalies for the basic observed variables and heat flux components. The data are analyzed to give full ...

global coverage.

336. International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) Release 2.5, Monthly Summaries (ds540.1)

The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) is a global ocean marine meteorological and surface ocean dataset. It is formed by merging many national and international data sources that contain ...

measurements and visual observations from ships (merchant, navy, research), moored and drifting buoys, coastal stations, and other marine platforms. The coverage is global and sampling density varies depending on date and geographic position relative to shipping routes and ocean observing systems. The monthly summary time series are available at 2-degree (since 1800) and 1-degree (since 1960) spatial resolutions. Observations (22 observed and computed parameters) taken in each month for a give spatial latitude by longitude box are statistically summarized (e.g. mean, median, number of observations, etc) and NOT interpolated or analyzed to fill data voids.

All three U.S. ICOADS partners (NOAA/ESRL, NOAA/NCDC, NCAR) offer various data access and format options. To review all available options see the ICOADS website.

IMPORTANT: The time period of data available is defined in two segments.

ICOADS Monthly Summary Release 2.5 covers 1800 through 2007
All data following the Release 2.5 end date is based exclusively on real-time GTS data with minimal quality control. These data should be considered preliminary and will be subject to change in new Releases of ICOADS

337. Ocean station vessel observations (ds535.0)

Surface observations, some XBT profiles, and some sub-surface station data from permanent observing ocean ships. Earliest data is 1945 and latest data is 1991. Added in June 2006 are station ...

and line P profile data extracted from WOD05 by Boyer.

338. GTS, SEAS, keyed, VOSClim And GCC Marine Surface Data from NCDC (ds540.6)

Marine surface data (ship obs., moored buoys, etc) are segregated from the GTS data stream at NCDC. The GTS records are encoded into IMMA format and collected into monthly files. ...

The primary use of these data are input and cross-check referencing with other I-COADS data sources.

339. VOSCLIM Met Office GTS data (ds540.7)

The GTS data stream from the VOSCLIM project ships. The BUFR formatted records are received from the UK Met Office. These data are primarily for the development of the ...

ICOADS database.

341. FOSDIC Marine surface and upper air observations, 1854-1961 (ds258.4)

Marine surface and upper air observations recovered from microfilm copies of cards at NCDC. In the 1960's-1970's NCDC stored images of selected 80-character punched card decks on microfilm (16mm) ...

using a device known as FOSDIC (Film Optical Sensing Device for Input to Computer). FOSDIC was also used to recall the images back to digital records.

343. Objectively Analyzed Air-Sea Fluxes (OAFlux) For Global Oceans, By Lisan Yu et al. (ds260.1)

This dataset includes the 3rd release of the global ocean-surface heat flux products. The OAFlux products are constructed from multiple data sources, an optimal blending of satellite retrievals and three ...

atmospheric ranalyses. Daily fluxes are computed from the optimally estimated variables using the COARE bulk flux algorithm 3.0.

Monthly products are made from entire 49-year period, and daily products are available from 1985 onward. For further information, please visit the OAFlux Project Home Page.

344. Pilot Chart Summary Data (NCDC TD-9757) (ds281.0)

These one-degree and five-degree quadrangle summaries give the observation count for an eight-point "wind rose", and means and standard deviations for: wind speed, pressure, air temperature, wet-bulb temperature, sea surface ...

temperature, air-sea temperature difference, and wave height. Also included are light and heavy superstructure icing potential and frequency of gales. The general period summarized is 1850 to 1970, but the actual period summarized varies by ocean basin. These long-term monthly averages were used to produce the U.S. Navy Marine Climatic Atlas.

345. NSCAT/NCEP Blended Ocean Winds (Version 1.0) (ds744.6)

Ocean surface wind vector components and wind stress curl data products are derived from spatial blending of high-resolution satellite data (NASA Scattometer - NSCAT) and global weather center ...

reanalyses (NCEP), resulting in high temporal and spatial resolution datasets (6hourly, and 0.5 degree). This global dataset spans 12 months, August 1996 through July 1997.

The NSCAT scatterometer data is oriented along polar-orbit satellite swaths. The double-sided instrument yielded two swaths. Each of them about 600-km wide with a 350-km nadir gap and at 50-km resolution. The NCEP data consists of global, 6-hourly reanalysis fields on T62 Gaussian grid with approximate resolution of 1.8 degrees.

346. MEDS Observed Wave Data (ds256.3)

Data from Canadian buoys through Nov. 1998, data from two NOAA buoys now operated by Canada, and data from three Canadian waverider buoys.

347. Ship observations from the Kobe Collection, Japan (ds539.0)

Ship logbook data digitized from the Kobe collection, by programs sponsored by the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA), and the Nippon Foundation.

348. ESA ERS-1 and ERS-2 Scatterometer Ocean Surface Winds (ds744.0)

There are several products available in this dataset.

Wind direction and speed derived by JPL from the scatterometer instrument aboard the ERS-1 and ERS-2 satellites. These along swath orbit data are online at NCAR. However, due to restrictions place on the data usage, by the European Space Agency (ESA), data users must first receive permission to use this dataset. Questions concerning permission should be directed to:
The above ERS products were archived in the 1990's and are quite old versions. Better versions are available through European KNMI/ESA sources. ...
1-degree by 1-degree, 80S to 80N, monthly mean grids for ERS1 (1991.01-1996.05) and ERS2 (1996.04-1999.12). These data were obtained directly from CERSAT, IFREMER, France. Extant variables include wind speed, U and V wind components, stresses, divergence and curl.

350. Monthly Tropical Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Heat Budget, climatology, by Hastenrath (ds209.3)

Heat Budget climatology components for the Topical Eastern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

352. Barkstrom's Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE), 1984Nov-1986Oct (ds732.0)

Separate data for the scanner and wide field instruments. From NASA. The data are: daily longwave radiation and albedo; hourly longwave and albedo, average for the month; monthly mean ...

longwave and albedo.

353. NCDC TD9640 U.S. Palmer Drought Indices, continuing from 1895 (ds885.1)

This dataset contains monthly average temperature, precipitation, and Palmer Drought Indices for each climatic division in the 48 contiguous U.S. states, as well as Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. ...

The period of record is January 1895 to April 1993. Monthly averages within a climatic division have been calculated by giving equal weight to stations reporting both temperature and precipitation.

354. MONEX Monsoon-77 Somalia Pibals and U.S.S.R. Ships (ds605.0)

During the summer of 1977, pibal and ship data were collected in conjunction with the Monsoon Experiment (MONEX). Included in this dataset are pibal data from four special Somalian ...

stations and ship data from five Soviet ships in the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and equatorial Indian Ocean.

355. TOGA/COARE Large Scale Ocean Data (ds606.4)

This dataset contains large scale ocean data obtained during TOGA COARE. For more information about TOGA COARE, see the TOGA COARE Data Information System pages. For a listing ...

of other TOGA COARE datasets at DSS, see the TOGA COARE page under Special Projects.

356. NOCS Surface Flux Dataset v2.0 (ds260.3)

The National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOCS) Version 2.0 Surface Flux Dataset is a monthly mean gridded dataset of marine surface measurements and derived fluxes constructed using optimal interpolation. Input ...

for the period 1973 to 2006 are ICOADS Release 2.4 ship data and the update from 2007 to 2009 uses ICOADS Release 2.5. The dataset is presented as a time series of monthly mean values on a 1 degree area grid. The quality of the gridded data is quantified by estimates of random, bias and total uncertainty. The monthly means were derived from daily estimates of each variable and the standard deviation of these daily values is also available. Click HERE for detail variable information. Users are advised to take account of the uncertainty estimates provided, and to note that in very poorly sampled regions, such as the Southern Ocean, the uncertainty estimates themselves may be unreliable.

Surface meteorological fields have been adjusted to account for varying measurement heights and for known biases (Berry D.I. and E.C. Kent 2009 BAMS). Surface fluxes have been calculated from daily fields of the surface meteorological parameters using bulk parameterizations.

357. WHOI Upper Ocean Observations for Air-Sea Flux Estimates (ds256.4)

The Upper Ocean Processes (UOP) Group at WHOI, through research projects, has deployed Air-Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems on moored buoys and volunteer observing ships. The ASIMET system is ...

a suite of meteorological and sea surface sensors that are capable of measuring air temperature, specific humidity, sea surface temperature and conductivity, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, shortwave radiation, longwave radiation, and precipitation. Many more details about the projects and online data access are provided at the UOP website.

358. FSU COAPS Research Vessel Data (ds530.1)

The Center for Ocean-Atmosphere Prediction Studies (COAPS) through their Research Vessel Surface Meteorology Data Center (RVSMDC) collect, quality control check, and archive high-resolution marine surface data ...

taken aboard ocean research vessels. The measurements are made with modern and calibrated instrument packages with sampling on the order of one-minute frequency. This is a long-term archive for these data. These data and near real-time extensions can be obtained directly from the RVSMDC.

To support the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) a representative hourly archive is derived from the high-resolution data. These data are available here as archive files and conveniently through ICOADS user data selection interface as 'ICOADS Auxiliary Data Selection'.

360. MARMET and other marine surface observations from Russia (ds533.0)

As part of international data exchanges this large ship observations archive has been provide to NCAR as a source for inclusion into COADS.

361. NCEP ADP Eta/NAM Subset Surface Observations, October 2000 - October 2010 (ds461.1)

NCEP ADP Eta/NAM Subset Surface Observations are composed of a regional synoptic set of surface data reports centered over North America. These were operationally collected by the National Centers for ...

Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The data includes land and marine reports received via the Global Telecommunications System (GTS). Variables recorded in the reports include pressure, temperature, dewpoint depression, wind direction and speed. Report time intervals range from hourly to 3-hourly. Precipitation data has been decoded for the U.S. and Canada. DS461.0 provides global surface data coverage.

More information is available.

362. U.S. Navy SPOT Global Surface and Upper Air Observations, daily 1971-1996 (ds465.1)

The Navy Fleet Numerical Weather Center (FNWC) collects, on an operational basis, surface and upper air data from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS). DSS created the subsets. Coverage and quality ...

inferior to NCEP/NMC ADP - we recommend using DS464.0 and DS353.4.

363. A Quality-Controlled Dataset for Long-Term U.S. Snowfall Trends (ds510.5)

NCDC's U.S. Cooperative Summary of Data (DSI3200) dataset was screened for stations with long continuous observations for use in assessing 20th-century U.S. snowfall trends. The result is a subset of ...

424 stations with quality-controlled snowfall, precipitation, and temperature data for snow-season months (October through May). Most of the stations have observations that begin prior to the winter of 1930-31, making for station periods of longer than 77 winters. Several stations have data as far back as the 1890s.

364. NCEP ADP Global Surface Observational Weather Data, October 1999 - continuing (ds461.0)

NCEP ADP Global Surface Observational Weather Data are composed of surface weather reports operationally collected by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The data includes land and marine surface ...

reports received via the Global Telecommunications System (GTS). Variables recorded in the reports include pressure, air temperature, dewpoint temperature, wind direction and speed. Precipitation data has been decoded for the U.S. and Canada. Report intervals range from hourly to 3 hourly. These data are the primary input to the NCEP Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS).

Please see the file 'more.html' in the DOCUMENTATION tab for additional information about this dataset

365. Ocean-atmosphere heat, momentum and freshwater flux, climatology, by Josey et al. (ds540.9)

Simon A. Josey, Elizabeth C. Kent, and Peter K. Taylor compiled the SOC monthly mean flux atlas on a 1 degree by 1 degree grid. The fields have been derived ...

from the COADS Release 1a (1980-93) dataset enhanced with additional metadata from the WMO47 list of ships.

The original version 1.1 atlas was completed in 1998. Additional work was done on the heat flux components in 2002. The air-sea heat flux was adjusted according to contraints determined from estimates of oceanic heat transport. Through the adjustment process the original imbalance of about 30 W/m^2 was reduced to about 2 W/m^2.

Both the original version 1.1 atlas and the adjusted air-fluxes are available in this dataset.

366. Bishop's High-resolution (DX) Surface Solar Irradiance derived (ds741.1)

Global surface solar irradiance data derived from ISCCP data in 0.5-degree-square boxes. Daily values of total irradiance, clear sky irradiance, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-70 irradiance, cloud fraction, diffuse fraction ...

of PAR and land/oce The 2.5-degree version 2 results are archived in ds741.0 dataset.

368. Global Tropical Cyclone "Best Track" Position and Intensity Data (ds824.1)

Time series of tropical cyclone "best track" position and intensity data are provided for all ocean basins where tropical cyclones occur. Position and intensity data are available at 6-hourly intervals ...

over the duration of each cyclone's life. The general period of record begins in 1851, but this varies by ocean basin. See the inventories for data availability specific to each basin.

This data set was received as a revision to an NCDC tropical cyclone data set, with data generally available through the late 1990s. Since then, the set is being continually updated from the U.S. NOAA National Hurricane Center and the U.S. Navy Joint Typhoon Warning Center best track archives. For a complete history of updates for each ocean basin, see the dataset documentation.

370. CDIAC U.S. Historical Climatology Network (HCN) Daily Temperature, Precipitation, and Snow Observations for 1871-1997 (ds511.0)

This dataset contains daily observations of maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, snowfall, and snow depth for 1062 observing stations in the lower 48 United States. These stations are part of ...

the U.S. Historical Climatology Network, which is a National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) database.

We have obtained these data from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center's (CDIAC) ftp server.

371. TOGA/TAO, JAMSTEC, PIRATA, and RAMA Moored Buoy Observations (ds256.1)

Moored tropical buoy observing system data. Research quality data collected in delayed mode primary to support development and inclusion into the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS)

372. Hildebrand's HAPEX King Air Flux and Soundings, 1986May-Jul (ds617.0)

The Hydrologic Atmospheric Pilot Experiment (HAPEX) was a project designed to measure the hydrological budget and evaporation flux at the scale of a general circulation model grid square (104 ...

km2 at the time). The HAPEX research area was in the southwest part of France, and the NCAR King Air participated by making routine daytime observations of heat, moisture, and momentum fluxes during a 67-day period May 9 and July 14, 1986. This dataset contains flight-level data from 20 King Air missions.

373. Shea's Climatology Atlas, 1950-1979 (from DSS sets) (ds290.0)

A monthly climatology of sea-level pressure, sea-surface temperature, surface temperature, and precipitation on a 2.5-degree global grid for the 30-year period from 1950 to 1979.

374. Limpert's GSFC Precipitation, Temperature and Derived Soil Moisture Analyses (ds865.0)

Global long period monthly mean precipitation, temperature, and derived fields of evapotranspiration, soil moisture, storage, etc.

377. NCEP ADP Operational Global Surface Observations, February 1975 - February 2007 (ds464.0)

These NCEP ADP operational global synoptic surface data reports were collected from the GTS during time slots centered on the 6-hourly analysis times of their global and regional models. The ...

groups include ADPSFC and SFCSHP. The reports usually include pressure, temperature, dewpoint depression, wind direction and speed. NCEP also decoded the precipitation data, but only for the U.S. and Canada.

The ADPSFC data includes SYNOP, METAR, and beginning in the mid 1990s, AWOS and ASOS. The SFCSHP data includes moving ship, fixed ship, MARS (moving and fixed) and buoy (moored and drifting).

Please see the file 'more.html' in the DOCUMENTATION tab for additional information about this dataset

378. Historical Unidata Internet Data Distribution (IDD) Global Observational Data, May 2003 - current (ds336.0)

Historical Unidata Internet Data Distribution (IDD) Global Observational Data are derived from real-time Global Telecommunications System (GTS) reports distributed via the Unidata Internet Data Distribution System (IDD). Reports include surface ...

station (SYNOP) reports at 3-hour intervals, upper air (RAOB) reports at 3-hour intervals, surface station (METAR) reports at 1-hour intervals, and marine surface (BUOY) reports at 1-hour intervals. Select variables found in all report types include pressure, temperature, wind speed, and wind direction. Data may be available at mandatory or significant levels from 1000mb to 1mb, and at surface levels. Online archives are populated daily with reports generated two days prior to the current date.

379. NCEP ADP Global Upper Air and Surface (PREPBUFR and NetCDF formats) Weather Observations, May 1997 - Continuing (ds337.0)

NCEP ADP Global Upper Air and Surface (PREPBUFR and NetCDF formats) Weather Observations are composed of a global set of surface and upper air reports operationally collected by the National ...

Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). These include land surface, marine surface, radiosonde, pibal and aircraft reports from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS), profiler and US radar derived winds, SSM/I oceanic winds and TCW retrievals, and satellite wind data from the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS). The reports can include pressure, geopotential height, temperature, dewpoint temperature, wind direction and speed. Report time intervals range from hourly to 12 hourly. These data are the primary input to the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS), which is used to create the NCEP Final Analyses (FNL).

The NetCDF datafiles are converted from PREPBUFR format using the Model Evaluation Tools (MET) software package.

More information is available.

380. Terrestrial Water Budget by Willmott and Rowe (ds237.0)

Willmott and Rowe have created a terrestrial water budget data archive on a 1-degree grid. They identified 13332 global stations with complete records and created 30-year (1950-1979) climatological means ...

for each month of the year for air temperature, precipitation, evaporation, soil moisture, and snow cover. These monthly climatological means were then interpolated to the 1-degree gridpoints. This data set contains the 1-degree gridpoint data and the individual station data.

DSS has created a GRIB version of the gridpoint data for users who prefer the GRIB format.

381. Western Arctic Ice Drift Stations, plus ships Maud and Fram (ds258.2)

Western Arctic ice drifting stations, AIDJEX, ARLIS I, ARLIS II, Ice Station Alpha, Ice Station Charlie, T-3 (called Ice Station Bravo during IGY), ship Maud and Fram provide surface ...

meteorological data for the Arctic Ocean. These data were collected and organized by NCDC and NSIDC leading to the production of a CD-ROM.

Several different versions of the data are available, extending from the original key entered data to variable subsets and QC versions developed in uniform format for all stations.

382. GFDL Global Analyses for FGGE, SOP 1 and 2, 1978Dec-1979Nov (ds308.0)

This dataset contains global analyses of tropospheric geopotential height, temperature, winds, relative humidity, and vertical motion from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) for FGGE Special Observation Periods 1 ...

and 2.

384. U.S. Army Panama Meteorological and Biological Data, 1965-1970 (ds850.0)

Meteorlogical, soil, biological, and atmospheric chemical measurements were made by the U.S. Army under a project titled "Environmental Data Base for Regional Studies in the Humid Tropics". These measurements were ...

made in Panama from 1965 to 1970.

385. NMC B-3 Daily Northern Hemisphere Analyses for 1963 August to 1972 December (ds063.0)

NMC operationally produced these daily gridded Northern Hemisphere analyses of various tropospheric levels for the period August 1963 to December 1972. Parameters include upper-level winds, surface temperature, sea-level pressure, ...

tropopause pressure and temperature, and 500mb relative humidity on a 47x51 polar-stereographic grid centered on the North Pole.

387. ERA40 T106 6-hourly Surface Analysis and Surface Forecast Fields, created at NCAR (ds127.0)

DS127.0 represents a dataset implemented and computed by NCAR's Data Support Section, and forms an essential part of efforts undertaken in late 2004, early 2005, to produce an archive of ...

selected segments of ERA-40 on standard transformation grids.

In this case, forty six ERA-40 6-hourly surface and single level analysis variables were transformed from a reduced N80 Gaussian grid to a 320x160 regular Gaussian grid. (These are designated as SURFACE, or SURFACE/SINGLE LEVEL, or SFC/sfc, variables below.) All fields were transformed using routines from the ECMWF EMOS library, including 10 meter winds which were treated as scalars because of a lack of 10 meter spectral vorticity and divergence. A missing value of 9.999e+20 occurs in the sea surface temperature and sea ice (SSTK and CI) fields to mask grid points occurring over land. Fields formerly archived as whole integers, such as vegetation indices and cloud cover, occur as integers plus a fractional part in the T106 version due to interpolation.

In addition, twenty seven ERA-40 6-hourly surface and single level 6-hour forecast variables were transformed from a reduced N80 Gaussian grid to a 320x160 regular Gaussian grid. (These are designated as OTHER, or othr, variables below.) All variables are valid 6 hours after the forecast was initiated. Thus, 00Z 6-hour forecast evaporation is valid at 06Z. Four of the variables are instantaneous variables, and the remaining twenty three variables are accumulated over the 6-hour forecast time. Divide the accumulated variables by 21600 seconds to obtain instantaneous values. (Multiplication by minus one may also be necessary to match the sign convention one is accustomed to.) All fields were transformed using routines from the ECMWF EMOS library, including three pairs of stresses which were treated as scalars because of a lack of spectral precursors.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

388. Ameriflux Gap-Filled Data from Selected Sites (ds387.0)

Ameriflux is part of the larger network Fluxnet which endeavors to connect observations from regional micrometeorological tower sites for global analysis. Ameriflux towers measure ...

the exchange of energy, water, and carbon through a network of sites with variable vegetation, disturbance records, and climatic conditions. The ecosystems included within the network are temperate and tropical evergreen forests, temperate deciduous forests, woodlands, grasslands, agricultural crops, boreal, and shrublands. Climates in these biomes vary between tundra, temperate, tropical, and arid.

This Level 4 Dataset accumulated from the Ameriflux Network focuses on hourly, daily, and monthly observations collected at North American tower sites. The selection of Ameriflux sites were chosen based on the period of available data, the diversity in vegetation types, the past success of testing land surface models, and the availability of atmospheric forcing for Community Land Models. Ameriflux Level 4 data has been gap-filled, quality-flagged and includes meteorological variables, CO2 exchange rates, heat fluxes, biogeochemical pools, calculated gross productivity, and ecosystem respiration terms. The period of record varies by individual tower site, but some sites have as much as 15 years of recorded data.

389. CORE.2 Global Air-Sea Flux Dataset (ds260.2)

This dataset contains the complete set of global air-sea heat and water flux components computed from version 2 of CORE (Common Ocean Reference Experiment) atmospheric state fields starting from ...

1949.

The air-sea fluxes are derived from bulk formulae applied to atmospheric state fields from multiple sources together with a merged Hadley-OI SST product at monthly resolution. The primary atmospheric input data are based on NCEP reanalyses at 6-hourly resolution. In addition, satellite-based radiation, precipitation, and sea ice concentration are used, at resolutions from daily to monthly. Some of the input data have been adjusted to agree in the mean with a variety of more reliable satellite and in situ measurements that themselves are either too short in duration or too regional in coverage. Fluxes have been temporally averaged as needed for distribution as monthly means.

For further information, please refer to the publications listed below.

390. Extended Edited Synoptic Cloud Reports Archive (EECRA) from Ships and Land Stations Over the Globe (ds292.2)

EECRA contains surface synoptic weather reports for the entire globe, gathered from various available data sets. The reports were processed, edited, and rewritten to provide a single dataset of individual ...

observations of clouds, spanning the 46 years 1952-1997, and later augmented with data for 11 years 1998-2008, for ship data and the 26 years 1971-1996 for land station data. In addition to the cloud portion of the synoptic report, each edited report also includes the associated pressure, present weather, wind, air temperature, and dew point (and sea surface temperature over oceans).

391. NCEP 51-year Hydrological Reanalysis (ds607.0)

A 51-year hydrological reanalysis between 1948 and 1998 over the continental US was recently completed at Climate Prediction Center of NCEP, NOAA. The project used Noah land surface model ...

(LSM) with forcing data regridded from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data and the new CPC daily and hourly precipitation data. The best available orography, soil and vegetation types, etc. are used as the boundary conditions of this study. The output fields include all components of energy, water mass balance, snow cover and depth, and 4 layers of soil temperature, moisture (both liquid and frozen) below the ground. Three types of data files are archived in this dataset. They include the restart files, the forcing fields to run the Noah Land Surface Model, and the output files from the 1948-1998 runs. The output files are available on line for registerd users.

The daily restarting files and the hourly forcing fields are stored on NCAR's mass storage systems (MSS) only.

There are 24 variables including 8 energy components and skin temperature every 3 hours and 15 daily averages. See variable lists below for details. For the NOAH_h.grb (three hourly), NOAH_d.grb (daily accumulation or instantaneous) and NOAH_dd.grb (daily mean), different users may extract and generate sub-dataset for themselves.

You can find Noah LSM used in this study from: Noah LSM ver_2.5.2

393. Daily Northern Hemisphere 47x51 Time Series Tropospheric Analyses, continuing from 1946 (but generally 1962) (ds195.0)

This dataset contains a time-series collection of daily gridded Northern Hemisphere tropospheric data on a 47x51 polar-stereographic grid. These grids have been assembled by DSS from the analyses of various ...

operational models and meteorological projects, and they cover the overarching period from January 1946 forward, although periods for individual parameters and levels will vary. The grids continue to be updated with new data.

Available parameters include sea-level pressure, surface and sea-surface temperatures, and upper-level geopotential height, temperature, wind, and vertical motion at levels from 1000mb up to 100mb.

394. Canada Summary of Day, 1840-1991 (ds516.2)

This version is the merge of ds516.0 and ds516.1. Duplicate reports have been eliminated. Conflicting reports have been saved in a separate file. Bad reports have ...

been saved in a separate file.

396. Two Long-Term Instrumental Climatic Data Bases of the People's Republic of China (ds578.5)

Two PRC climate data bases, derived mainly from instrument measurements, are presented in this dataset; one consists of monthly means, extremes, or totals of 14 meteorological variables ...

observed at 60 stations, the other contains monthly mean temperatures and monthly precipitation totals from 205 stations. The two data bases have no stations in common.

397. NCDC TD3220 U.S. Cooperative Summary of Month, 1851(1931)-cont (ds560.0)

This data is obtained from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). "Information contained in this monthly data file are primarily those from the cooperative network, augmented by observations from principal ...

climatological stations operated by the National Weather Service and other sites having highly trained observers."

398. ECMWF TOGA Global Supplementary Fields, 1985-2010 (ds111.3)

This dataset contains supplementary output grids from the ECMWF operational model. These grids are on a gaussian grid (n80) with approximtely a 1.125 ...

degree resolution.

ECMWF now has a description of its operational model and its evolution online.

399. Daily Northern Hemisphere 72x19 Time Series Tropospheric Analyses, continuing from 1946 (ds195.1)

The polar-stereographic grids in ds195.0 were interpolated to create this dataset of 5-degree Northern Hemisphere latitude/longitude grids until 1976, when the National Meteorological Center (NMC) began producing its ...

operational analyses on a latitude/longitude grid.

403. NCDC TD9518 Daily Ozone Soundings, 1963Sep-1969May (ds804.0)

Daily ozone soundings are available for 16 U.S. stations from September 1963 through May 1969. Thermodynamic data are also included for each sounding.

404. NCAR Nested Regional Climate Model (NRCM) (ds601.0)

This dataset contains climate model output data from the NCAR's Nested Regional Climate Model (NRCM). The NRCM combines the strengths of NCAR's Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and ...

NCAR's Community Climate System Model (CCSM) into an instrument that will allow for fundamental progress on the understanding and prediction of regional climate variability and change. In particular, embedding WRF within CCSM will allow scientists to resolve processes that occur at the regional scale, as well as the influence of those processes on the large-scale climate, thereby improving the fidelity of climate change simulations and their utility for local and regional planning.

The output fields in this dataset consist of two- and three-dimensional arrays at three- and six-hourly intervals. A basic set of 3-D parameters is provided on model pressure levels: relative humidity, temperature, wind components, geopotential height, and potential vorticity. Additional 2-D parameters are provided at the model surface or near-surface level, and potential vorticity arrays are also provided on the 320 K and 345 K isentropic surfaces.

Data are available as monthly time series files in NetCDF. The data currently provided are from the climate runs with regional model domain over the North Atlantic Ocean and USA. The simulation covers the periods 1995-2005, 2020-2030, and 2045-2055.

405. Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR) Project (ds631.0)

have been optimized for the Arctic. A low-resolution (30km) data set which spans 2000-2010 was released in May 2012 and is available through the NCAR CISL RDA. There are 17 surface and 7 upper air analysis variables, 69 surface and 13 upper air forecast variables, and 3 soil variables. The final products will span 2000-2011 and will be at 10km resolution.

Issues found in current ASR data. See Note (08/10/2012) for details. Reruns of the following months with corrected sea ice information are released on Dec 1, 2012: Apr-Jun 2008; Jan 2009; Jan, Feb, May, Jul, Aug, Sep, Dec 2010. Details of this FIX201211 update are under "Documentaion" tab. Monthly means are released as well

The u and v winds are relative to grid in this release. Users need to rotate u and v to obtain earth-relative u and v winds as described in wind.txt file.

New version of 30km ASR data will be released in Feb 2013 as of Jan 8, 2013

407. ECMWF TOGA Global Extension Fields, 1991-2010 (ds111.6)

This dataset contains various output grids from the ECMWF operational model. All of the grids are on a gaussian (n80) grid with a resolution of approximately 1.125 degrees daily accumulations ...

from forecast hours 12 - 36 of 12Z run.

ECMWF now has a description of its operational model and its evolution online.

408. ECMWF Re-analysis High Resolution Upper Air Analyses, 1979Jan-1993Dec (ds115.4)

This dataset contains the high resolution uppper air grids from the ECMWF 15 year reanalysis project. All of the grids are in spherical harmonic representation (t106) which can be gridded ...

to about of 1.125 degrees.

More recent reanalyses have been run by ECMWF and are available in the ERA-40 and the ERA-Interim datasets.

409. ECMWF Re-analysis Advanced Global Supplementary Fields, 1979Jan-1993Dec (ds115.5)

This dataset contains high resolution supplementary grids from the ECMWF reanalysis project. The grids are all on a reduced gaussian (n80) grid with an approximate resolution of 1.125 degrees. This ...

fields are all derived from forecasts.

More recent reanalyses have been run by ECMWF and are available in the ERA-40 and the ERA-Interim datasets.

410. ECMWF Re-analysis Basic level III global supplementary fields (ds115.2)

This dataset contains the supplementary fields from the ECMWF 15 year reanalysis project. All fields are on a 2.5 degree latitude-longitude grid and are accumlations derived from ...

forecast grids.

More recent reanalyses have been run by ECMWF and are available in the ERA-40 and the ERA-Interim datasets.

411. ECMWF TOGA 2.5 degree Global Surface and Upper Air Analyses, daily 1985-continuing (ds111.2)

This dataset contains 2.5 degree latitude-longitude output grids from the ECMWF operational model. Both upper air and surface grids are archived in ...

this dataset.

ECMWF now has a description of its operational model and its evolution.

412. International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) Release 2.5, Individual Observations (ds540.0)

measurements and visual observations from ships (merchant, navy, research), moored and drifting buoys, coastal stations, and other marine platforms. Each report contains individual observations of meteorological and oceanographic variables, such as sea surface and air temperatures, wind, pressure, humidity, and cloudiness. The coverage is global and sampling density varies depending on date and geographic position relative to shipping routes and ocean observing systems.

All three U.S. ICOADS partners (NOAA/ESRL, NOAA/NCDC, NCAR) offer various data access and format options. To review all available options see the ICOADS website.

IMPORTANT: The time period of data available is defined in two segments.

ICOADS Release 2.5 covers 1662 through 2007
All data following the Release 2.5 end date is based exclusively on real-time GTS data with minimal quality control. These data should be considered preliminary and will be subject to change in new Releases of ICOADS

413. World Monthly Surface Station Climatology, 1738-cont (ds570.0)

This world monthly surface station climatology has data for over 4700 different stations (2600 in more recent years). Data for some stations goes as far back as the mid-1700's. See ...

decadal coverage for more detail. Most of the data was obtained directly from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), Asheville, North Carolina. However, much of the data prior to 1951 came from John Wolbach of Harvard College Observatory, who contracted to have this data key entered at NCDC. The first six months of 1961 were key entered at NCAR. Sharon Nicholson, Florida State University, provided African precipitation data to extend the records of over 250 stations. Dennis Shea, NCAR/CGD, has been a valuable source for data obtained directly from various countries.

414. Line Island Experiment Surface and Upper Air Observations, February to April 1967 (ds602.0)

The Line Islands Experiment of 1967 produced extensive data on disturbances in the equatorial trough zone. DSS has some surface and upper-air data from this experiment for February through April ...

of 1967.

415. Jenne's Monthly Northern and Southern Hemisphere Climatologies (ds205.0)

A selected 15-year climatology of the Northern Hemisphere using the Navy Marine Atlas Series and 5-year mean grids summarized from daily grids from the National Climatic Center (NCC). The input ...

data is from about January 1950 through December 1964.

A selected 17-year climatology of the Southern Hemisphere using the Navy Marine Atlas Series and monthly mean rawinsonde data from "climat temp" reports as published in NCC's "Monthly Climatic Data for the World". The input data is from about 1950 through about 1966.

416. Southern Hemisphere Climatology, climatology and monthly, by Jenne (ds200.0)

A selected climatology of the Southern Hemisphere using the Navy Marine Atlas Series and monthly mean rawinsonde data from "climat temp" reports as published in NCC's "Monthly Climatic Data for ...

the World".

The data is free and has been combined with the Northern Hemisphere data in ds205.0.

417. NMC Global Tropospheric Analyses, CD-ROM subset, daily 1991Jan-Jun (ds082.5)

NCEP Global Analyses on 145x37 2.5 degree grids, one for each hemisphere. Has surface, tropospheric, tropopause, and lower stratospheric analyses; at mandatory levels up to 50mb. More... This is ...

a subset of the data in DS082.0.and is identical except that it is in GRIB format on CD-ROM in. Every CDROM contains six months of data.

419. ECMWF TOGA Global Tropospheric Analyses, monthly 1985jan-con (DSS built) (ds111.5)

These are year-month means on 2.5 degree grids derived from DS111.2, by DSS. Both surface and upper air. Bad grids found by Kevin Trenberth in TN-373 ...

are excluded.

ECMWF now has a description of its operational model and its evolution online.

420. NCEP Daily 65x65 Northern Hemisphere Tropospheric Analyses for 1973 January to 1997 March (and 47x51 subset, by DSS) (ds066.0)

This dataset contains twice daily gridded Northern Hemisphere analyses from NMC's operational model on 47x51 and 65x65 polar-stereographic grids centered on the North Pole. Available parameters include geopotential height, temperature, ...

stream functions, thickness, and vertical velocity for various levels and layers through the troposphere.

NCEP prepared the 65x65 analyses, and were an advancement over the 47x51 "B-3" analyses. Later NCEP made global analyses, from which the 65x65 analyses were interpolated. To continue the 47x51 analyses, NCAR/CISL/DSS extracted them from the 65x65 grid.

More information is available

422. U.S.S.R. Surface 6- and 3-hourly Surface Synoptic Observations 1936-1983 (ds475.0)

This dataset contains daily 6-hourly and 3-hourly surface observations for many U.S.S.R. stations for January 1936 to December 1983.

423. WCRP and WWRP-THORPEX YOTC (Year of Tropical Convection) Project, Single Parameter 6-Hourly Model Level Analysis Time Series, Transformed to a Regular 1600x800 (N400) Gaussian Grid (ds629.4)

424. NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSV2) Selected Hourly Time-Series Products (ds094.1)

The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) is initialized four times per day (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, and 18Z). NCEP upgraded CFS to version 2 on March ...

30, 2011. This is the same model that was used to create the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). Selected CFS timeseries products are available at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 degree horizontal resolutions at hourly intervals by combining either 1) the analysis and one- through five-hour forecasts, or 2) the one- through six-hour forecasts, for each initialization time. Beginning with January 1, 2011, these data are archived as an extension of CFSR. For more information about CFS, please see http://cfs.ncep.noaa.gov/.

425. ERA40 Monthly Mean Model Resolution Gridded Surface Fields and Vertical Integrals from ECMWF (ds119.0)

Surface - 47 mostly surface and near surface fields, including 10m wind, 2m air temp, soil temp and moisture, cloud cover info
Vertical Integrals - 35 fields including column water vapor, column ozone, kinetic energy
Accumulated (other) Fields - 27 fields including precip, fluxes, radiation, stresses

Monthly means have been computed for each analysis hour as well as a daily mean.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

426. ECMWF Re-analysis Global High Resolution Surface Analyses, 1979Jan-1993Dec (ds115.3)

This dataset contains the high resolution surface grids from the ECMWF 15 year reanalysis project. All of the grids are on a gaussian (N80) grid with an approximate resolution of ...

1.125 degrees and are archived 4x/day.

More recent reanalyses have been run by ECMWF and are available in the ERA-40 and the ERA-Interim datasets.

427. ECMWF Re-analysis Level III-B Global Surface Analyses, 1979Jan-1993Dec (ds115.0)

This dataset contains surface grids from the ECMWF 15 year Reanalysis Project. All grids are on a 2.5 degree latitude- longitude grid and are ...

archived 4x/day.

More recent reanalyses have been run by ECMWF and are available in the ERA-40 and the ERA-Interim datasets.

428. TDL U.S. and Canada Surface Hourly Observations, daily 1976Dec-cont (ds472.0)

Hourly airways data over US, Canada for about 2,000 stations. There are also some observations for Mexico and most Central American countries.

429. Goddard's IIIb Analyses for FGGE, SOP 1 and 2, 1979 (ds309.0)

This dataset contains global IIIb tropospheric analyses from Goddard Space Flight Center for FGGE Special Observation Periods 1 and 2.

430. ERA40 Monthly Mean 2.5 Degree Latitude-Longitude Gridded Surface and Single Level Analysis from ECMWF (ds120.0)

into dataset series' based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

This dataset contains monthly means of the ERA40 2.5 dergree latitude-longitude gridded surface and single level analysis. Monthly means have been computed for each analysis hour as well as a daily mean.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

431. ERA40 2.5 Degree Latitude-Longitude Gridded Surface and Single Level Analysis from ECMWF (ds118.0)

This dataset contains 56 surface and single level variables on an equally spaced global 2.5 degree latitude-longitude grid. All variables are reported 4x ...

a day.

The ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA40) is a global atmospheric analysis of many conventional observations and satellite data streams for the period Sept,1957- Aug,2002. There are numerous data products that are separated into dataset series based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

433. GCIP NCEP Eta model output (ds609.2)

The operational NCEP Eta 212 grid (40km) model output is archived in this dataset from Apr 30, 1995 to Dec 31, 2012. This is one of the model output archives ...

for GCIP project. In addition to the Model Output Reduced Data Set (MORDS) and Model Output Location Time Series (MOLTS) analyses required by GCIP project, all upper air levels and their analyses, initialization, and forecasts are saved as well. As NCEP replaced NAM Eta model on June 13, 2006, EMC/NCEP has continued making Eta runs which are archived here until the end of 2012.

Starting from Jan 1, 2013, NCEP's operational NAM awip3d (40km, grid 212) 6-hourly analysis and 3-hourly forecasts up to 60 hours are archived. NCEP uses a version of WRF model for NAM production.

434. GCIP FSL MAPS MORDS and MOLTS data, hourly. (ds609.1)

The NOAA FSL MAPS model data (including Model Output Reduced Data Set (MORDS) and Model Location Time Series (MOLTS) data) for the GCIP project. The MAPS model used for GCIP ...

is an advanced, experimental version which is running on a 40-km grid with 40 vertical isentropic-sigma levels. Data are ingested into MAPS on a 1-hour assimilation cycle. Forecasts are run from MAPS out to 12-hour every 3 hours.

436. Australia Summary of Day and Surface Observations, 1939(1957)-1982 (ds523.0)

This dataset contains hourly observations and summary of day information from Australian observing stations generally from 1957 to 1982, but some data go back as far as 1939.

437. NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) Selected Hourly Time-Series Products, January 1979 to December 2010 (ds093.1)

The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) was initially completed over the 31-year period from 1979 to 2009 and has been extended to March 2011. ...

Selected CFSR timeseries products are available at 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 degree horizontal resolutions at hourly intervals by combining either 1) the analysis and one- through five-hour forecasts, or 2) the one- through six-hour forecasts, for each initialization time. For more information about CFSR, please see http://dss.ucar.edu/pub/cfsr.html. For data to extend CFSR beyond March 2011, please see the Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSV2) datasets.

The NCDC CFSR site has a notice for users who downloaded data prior to 22:00 UTC February 18, 2010. That notice does NOT apply to the data in the CISL RDA.

438. NCEP FNL Operational Model Global Tropospheric Analyses, near surface subset, Apr 1997 - June 2001 (ds083.1)

These NCEP FNL (Final) Operational Global Analysis data are on pairs of 2.5x2.5 degree hemispheric grids every twelve hours. This product was from the Global Forecast System (GFS) that was ...

run operationally in near-real time at NCEP. DSS prepared this surface subset from ds082.0.

The analyses are available on the surface, at 1000mb and a boundary layer. Parameters include surface pressure, sea level pressure, geopotential height, temperature, sea surface temperature, soil temperature, water content of soil, ice cover, water equivalent of snow depth, relative humidity, specific humidity, u- and v-wind components, minimum temperature, maximum temperature and land-sea mask.

More information is available

439. NOAA-CIRES Twentieth Century Global Reanalysis Version I (1908-1958) (ds131.0)

The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project, supported by the Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Division from NOAA and the University of Colorado CIRES/Climate Diagnostics Center, is an effort to produce ...

a global reanalysis dataset spanning the entire twentieth century, assimilating only surface observations of synoptic pressure, monthly sea surface temperature and sea ice distribution (Version I only includes the years 1908 to 1958). Products include 6-hourly ensemble mean and spread analysis fields on a 2x2 degree global lat/lon grid, and 3 and 6-hourly ensemble mean and spread forecast (first guess) fields on a global Gaussian T-62 grid. Fields are accessible in yearly time series files (1 file/parameter) or monthly synoptic files (all parameters included in each file).

The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which are supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, respectively.

Note: Version II of this reanalysis (running from 1870 - 2008) is now available. The is the recommended research version. Please see ds131.1 to access Version II.

440. Kuwait Oil Fires Archive, 1991 (ds620.0)

This is data extracted from various NCEP observed and analyzed datasets and then put in our RPTOUT format to support the Kuwait Oil Fires studies.

442. NCDC TD3200 U.S. Cooperative Summary of Day, 1890(1948)-cont (ds510.0)

The summaries of daily land surface observations in this data set are primarily from stations in the National Weather Service (NWS) cooperative station network, but also include NWS principal (first ...

order) climatological stations, and stations supported by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), National Park Service (NPS), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Forest Service (USFC), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), along with a handful of stations at Air Force and Navy bases. The sites are located in the contiguous U.S., Alaska, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Hawaii and other Pacific Islands.

The major parameters are daily weather, precipitation, snowfall, snow depth, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and observation temperature. The earliest data is for 1890, but most stations begin in 1948. There are currently about 8500 reporting stations. Periods of record vary widely among the stations.

443. NCEP FNL Operational Model Global Tropospheric Analyses, July 1976 to April 1997 (ds082.0)

These NCEP FNL (Final) Operational Global Analysis data are on pairs of 2.5x2.5 degree hemispheric grids every twelve hours. This product was from the Global Forecast System (GFS) that was ...

run operationally in near-real time at NCEP.

The analyses are available on the surface, 12 mandatory levels from 1000mb to 50mb, boundary and some sigma layers, tropopause, and a few others. Parameters include surface pressure, sea level pressure, geopotential height, temperature, sea surface temperature, potential temperature, relative humidity, snow depth (weekly, Northern Hemisphere only) precipitable water, u- and v- winds and vertical motion.

More information is available.

444. Climate Model Products from Germany's Deutches Klimarechenzentrum (ds319.3)

This dataset contains climate model output from Deutches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ) in Germany. The model output consists of monthly mean grids for several variables from three runs of the ECHAM4 model. ...

The three runs are a control (constant atmospheric forcing) run, a greenhouse gas run which assumes a compounded 1%/year increase in CO₂, and an aerosol run which combines CO₂ and sulphate aerosol concentrations. The model is run at T42 resolution, resulting in a 128x64 latitude/longitude gaussian output grid (approximately 2.8-degree by 2.8-degree resolution). The grids are in GRIB format (Edition 1).

DSS has computed decadal means for each decade-month from the monthly mean grids. The decade means are computed from years 0 through 9 of each decade. We also computed smoothed decadal means by computing 30-year running means of the decadal mean grids. Because of the large variability in the decadal means of variables such as precipitation, we recommend using the 30-year (smoothed decadal) means and applying them to the year at the middle of the 30-year period (i.e. - the 30-year mean for 2070-2099 should be applied at year 2085).

445. NCEP FNL Operational Model Global Tropospheric Analyses, April 1997 to June 2007 (ds083.0)

These NCEP FNL (Final) Operational Global Analysis data are on pairs of 2.5x2.5 degree hemispheric grids every twelve hours. This product was from the Global Forecast System (GFS) that was ...

run operationally in near-real time at NCEP.

The analyses are available on the surface, 16 mandatory levels from 1000mb to 10mb, boundary layer and some sigma layers, tropopause, and a few others. Parameters include surface pressure, sea level pressure, geopotential height, temperature, sea surface temperature, soil temperature, water content of soil, ice cover, water equivalent of snow depth, relative humidity, specific humidity, u- and v-wind components, vertical motion, vorticity, precipitable water, minimum temperature, maximum temperature and land-sea mask

More information is available.

446. AWS TD13 Global Surface Observations, daily 1901-1973 (ds467.0)

Global synoptic surface observations from the Air Weather Service for 1901-1973, called "Tape Deck 13" because it is the combination of multiple card decks (datasets), conversion to a standard ...

format and transfer to tape. There are usually 1 to 4 records per station each day.

Wind direction (dd), wind speed (ff), and station elevation (stnelev) are "standard" variables usually available in each deck; the rest of the variables are "supplemental fields" which are not in some decks (groups of stations). Sea level pressure (slp) "standard" format excludes the high order digits, retaining only tens, units and tenths mb; however, some decks provide the hundreds/thousands digit in the "supplemental fields".

447. Near-Realtime Online THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) Data (ds330.2)

This dataset holds the most recent 2-3 months of THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) forecast data online for internet download. Global ensemble model data are available from the European ...

Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ecmf), United Kingdom Met Office (egrr), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (kwbc), Japan Meteorological Agency (rjtd), China Meteorological Administration (babj), MeteoFrance (lfpw), Meteorological Service of Canada (cwao), Centro de Previsao Tempo e Estudos Climaticos-Brazil (sbsj), and Korea Meteorological Administration (rksl). A 48 hour delay is enforced from forecast initialization to data availability

Software to extract and download user specified parameters is available through the "DS Software" tab.

448. ECMWF Joint Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) Nature Run (ds621.0)

A broad group of US and international partners organized and agreed to have ECMWF compute a high resolution global gridded dataset that serves as a reference dataset for general ...

and collaborative observing system simulation experiments (OSSE). This model output is termed "Nature Run", because it is intended to be a best representation possible of the true environmental conditions. The temporal and spatial resolution are sufficient so the data may be used as an experimental samples and validation data for planning future observing systems. It is especially valuable for assessing future satellite systems.

449. NCEP FNL Operational Model Global Tropospheric Analyses, continuing from July 1999 (ds083.2)

These NCEP FNL (Final) Operational Global Analysis data are on 1.0x1.0 degree grids prepared operationally every six hours. This product is from the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS), which continuously ...

collects observational data from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS), and other sources, for many analyses. The FNLs are made with the same model which NCEP uses in the Global Forecast System (GFS), but the FNLs are prepared about an hour or so after the GFS is initialized. The FNLs are delayed so that more observational data can be used. The GFS is run earlier in support of time critical forecast needs, and uses the FNL from the previous 6 hour cycle as part of its initialization.

The analyses are available on the surface, at 26 mandatory (and other pressure) levels from 1000mb to 10mb, in the surface boundary layer and at some sigma layers, the tropopause and a few others. Parameters include surface pressure, sea level pressure, geopotential height, temperature, sea surface temperature, soil values, ice cover, relative humidity, u- and v- winds, vertical motion, vorticity and ozone.

The archive time series is continuously extended to a near-current date. It is not maintained in real-time.

Please see the file 'more.html' in the DOCUMENTATION tab for additional information about this dataset

450. Canadian Climate Centre Model Outputs for Carbon Dioxide Studies (ds318.3)

The second generation General Circulation Model (GCMII) at the Canadian Climate Centre was used to run a CO2 experiment in which the current climate (1xCO2) was compared with a new ...

equilibrium climate obtained with twice the amount of atmospheric CO2 (2xCO2). The model was run around November 1989 at T32 resolution, and several surface parameters and 500mb heights were output on a 3.75-degree resolution grid.

For the globe, DSS has monthly 20-year climatologies of some surface parameters. For a North American window (30x19), DSS has 12-hourly data of several surface parameters and 500mb heights and monthly 10-year climatologies created from the aforementioned data.

451. GFDL Climate Model Outputs for Carbon Dioxide Studies (ds318.1)

This dataset contains model outputs from climate models at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). The various model runs were made in 1989 (with one re-run in 1991). The model ...

was an atmosphere-ocean coupled model, run first at R15 (48x40) global resolution and then later at R30 (96x80) global resolution. Control runs (1xCO2), 2xCO2, and 1% increase per year transient runs were made and values for numerous variables were output. DSS has decadal means for up to 100 model years, as well as daily values and monthly and seasonal means for shorter periods.

452. NOAA-CIRES Twentieth Century Global Reanalysis Version II (ds131.1)

a global reanalysis dataset spanning a portion of the nineteenth century and the entire twentieth century (1871 - near present), assimilating only surface observations of synoptic pressure, monthly sea surface temperature and sea ice distribution. Products include 6-hourly ensemble mean and spread analysis fields on a 2x2 degree global lat/lon grid, and 3 and 6-hourly ensemble mean and spread forecast (first guess) fields on a global Gaussian T-62 grid. Fields are accessible in yearly time series (1 file/parameter) and monthly synoptic time (all parameters/synoptic hour) files. Ensemble grids, spectral coefficients, and other information will available by offline request in the future.

NOTE: All Version II data are now available for online access.

The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which are supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, respectively.

453. NCEP North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) (ds608.0)

The NCEP North American Regional Reanalysis products are on Eta 221 grid (32km) at 29 pressure levels. They were produced using Eta 32km/45-layer model. The input data includes all observations ...

used in NCEP/NCAR Global Reanalysis project, and additional precipitation data, TOVS-1B radiances, profiler data, land surface and moisture data, etc. The output analyses are 3-hourly with additional 9 variables in the 3-hour forecasts to reflect accumulations or averages.

Recently NCEP has rerun NARR from 20090311 to 20091214. The reruns are available as of Feb 4, 2010.

See NCEP's NARR Frequently Asked Questions

454. ECMWF TOGA Global Advanced Operational Surface Analysis, daily 1985-2010 (ds111.1)

This dataset contains the high resolution output from the ECMWF operational model. This set contains only surface data on a gaussian (n80) grid with a resolution of about ...

1.125 degrees.

ECMWF now has a description of its operational model and its evolution online.

456. GISS Climate Model Outputs for Carbon Dioxide Studies (ds318.4)

This dataset contains outputs from climate models at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) for use in assessing the impact of increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations on the global climate. ...

A global equilibrium run (1XCO2 and 2XCO2) was made in 1984. A 100-year transient run and GISS "Scenario A" and "Scenario B" runs were made sometime in the mid-1980s. Monthly means and 10-year monthly, seasonal, and annual climatologies are available for numerous parameters, depending on the specific model run. The grid is a global 36x24 grid and most parameters are only available at the surface.

457. NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSV2) 6-hourly Products (ds094.0)

The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) is initialized four times per day (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, and 18Z). NCEP upgraded their operational CFS to version 2 ...

on March 30, 2011. This is the same model that was used to create the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and the purpose of this dataset is to extend CFSR. The 6-hourly atmospheric, oceanic and land surface analyzed products and forecasts, available at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 degree horizontal resolutions, are archived here beginning with January 1, 2011 as an extension of CFSR. The RDA is not archiving any of the CFS seasonal forecasts. For more information about CFS, please see http://cfs.ncep.noaa.gov/.

458. NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) Monthly Products, January 1979 to December 2010 (ds093.2)

CFSR monthly atmospheric, oceanic and land surface output products are available at 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.9, and 2.5 degree horizontal resolutions as 6-hourly diurnal monthly means (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, and 18Z) and regular full monthly means. As a value-add for longer-term climate research, the CISL RDA has created timeseries of individual parameters/levels from the regular monthly means. Please note that not all parameters are available at all levels and that some parameters are not analyzed (e.g. 2 meter temperature, 10 meter winds), so please consult the detailed metadata for exact descriptions of what is available.

Please note that we have not received the 2010 diurnal and regular monthly means from NCEP, so those means are only available through the end of 2009. Here at NCAR, we are extending the individual timeseries to the end of 2010.

For more information about CFSR, please see http://dss.ucar.edu/pub/cfsr.html. For data to extend CFSR beyond December 2010, please see the Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSV2) datasets.

459. NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) 6-hourly Products, January 1979 to December 2010 (ds093.0)

CFSR was initialized 4 times per day (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, and 18Z), and the 6-hourly atmospheric, oceanic and land surface analyzed products are available at 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.9, and 2.5 degree horizontal resolutions, along with forecast hours 1 through 6 and 9. However, not all parameters are available at all resolutions and some parameters are not analyzed (e.g. 2 meter temperature, 10 meter winds), so please consult the detailed metadata for exact descriptions of what is available.

For more information about CFSR, please see the information hosted at NCEP: http://dss.ucar.edu/pub/cfsr.html. For data that extend CFSR beyond December 2010, please see the RDA datasets for NCEP's Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSV2).

460. Climate Model Products from the First-generation Global Coupled Model at the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (ds319.1)

The Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCMA) has developed several climate simulation models for use in projecting natural climate change and assessing the impact of human activities on ...

climate change. CCCMA's first-generation global coupled model (CGCM1) was run with three scenarios: one with constant atmospheric forcing (control run), one with carbon dioxide (CO2) increasing at a compounded one percent per year rate, and one with a combination of CO2 and sulfate aerosol concentrations.

The model was run at T32 resolution, resulting in a 97x48 gaussian latitude/longitude grid with approximately 3.75 degree by 3.75 degree resolution. Daily (once- or twice-daily depending on the parameter) and monthly output grids were produced. Upper level (850mb and 500mb) parameters include geopotential heights, temperature, winds, and humidity. At the surface, the model outputs include temperature, wind, humidity, pressure, sea-level pressure, precipitation, and radiation fluxes.

DSS has used the monthly-mean grids to compute decadal means for years zero through nine (e.g. 2000-2009) for each decade. DSS also computed smoothed decadal means which are 30-year running means of the raw decadal means. Because of the large variability in the decadal means of parameters such as precipitation, it is recommended that the smoothed decadal-mean grids be used and applyed to the middle decade of the period (e.g. apply the 2000-2029 mean to the year 2015).

461. Historical Unidata Internet Data Distribution (IDD) Gridded Model Data, December 2002 - current (ds335.0)

Historical Unidata Internet Data Distribution (IDD) Gridded Model Data are obtained via the Unidata Internet Data Distribution System (IDD). Data includes gridded analyses and forecasts from US National Centers for ...

Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) models. Models include NCEP ETA/NAM and RUC covering the Continental US, NCEP Ensemble and GFS covering North America and the globe, and GFS Extended and ECMWF covering the globe, at various spatial and temporal resolutions. Potential variables found in the model output include pressure, relative humidity, temperature, geopotential height, U-component wind speed, and V-component wind speed.

Online archives include 1 year of data, and are populated daily with model output generated two days prior to the current date. Additionally, GFS Global 0.5 degree analysis fields from Nov 2006 to near the present are available online for http download. Older historical files, beginning in December 2002, are available upon request. Software to extract and download user specified parameters is available through the "DS Software" tab.

462. Historical THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) Data Archive (ds330.0)

This datasets holds all THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) forecast data archived on the NCAR MSS. The archive ranges from Oct 1, 2006 to near the current date. Global ...

ensemble model data are available from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ecmf), United Kingdom Met Office (egrr), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (kwbc), Japan Meteorological Agency (rjtd), Australia Bureau of Meteorology (ammc), China Meteorological Administration (babj), MeteoFrance (lfpw), Meteorological Service of Canada (cwao), Centro de Previsao Tempo e Estudos Climaticos-Brazil (sbsj), and Korea Meteorological Administration (rksl).

463. Climate Model Outputs Assembled by DSS for EPA Carbon Dioxide Studies (ds318.0)

Various global climate model runs at several institutions were made in the 1980s to assess the impact of increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 on the global climate. The Data Support ...

Section at NCAR assembled and/or computed the 10-year monthly climatologies from the outputs of these runs and made them available in a common ASCII exchange format. The standard parameters that were provided by all of the models are surface temperature, wind speed, precipitation, humidity, incoming solar radiation, and pressure (sea-level or surface). Other parameters were provided and they varied depending on the individual model. These models also provided outputs in various timesteps other than decadal means, and those outputs are archived by institution in the ds318.1 through ds318.5 series of datasets.

464. The North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) (ds317.0)

The North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program NARCCAP is an international program to produce high resolution climate change simulations in order to investigate uncertainties in regional scale projections ...

of future climate and generate climate change scenarios for use in impacts research. NARCCAP modelers are running a set of regional climate models (RCMs) driven by a set of atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) over a domain covering the conterminous United States and most of Canada.

The AOGCMs have been forced with the SRES A2 emissions scenario for the 21st century. Simulations with these models were also produced for the current (historical) period. The RCMs are nested within the AOGCMs for the current period 1971-2000 and for the future period 2041-2070. As a preliminary step to evaluate the performance of the RCMs over North America, the RCMS are driven with NCEP Reanalysis II data for the period 1979-2004. All the RCMs are run at a spatial resolution of 50 km.

NARCCAP also includes two timeslice experiments at 50 km resolution using the GFDL atmospheric model (AM2.1) and the NCAR CCSM atmospheric model (CAM3). In a timeslice experiment, the atmospheric component of an AOGCM is run using observed sea surface temperatures and sea ice boundaries for the historical run, and those same observations combined with perturbations from the future AOGCM for the scenario run. Omitting the coupled ocean model saves considerable computation and allows the atmospheric model to be run at higher resolution.

465. NCDC TD3505 Integrated Surface Hourly Data, 1901-continuing (ds463.3)

This worldwide collection of surface weather observations is produced at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) from NCDC Surface Airway Hourly Observations (TD3280), U.S.A.F. DATSAV3 Surface Hourly Observations (TD9956), ...

and NCDC Cooperative Hourly Precipitation (TD3240). Observations are all in the same ASCII format.

Manadatory data includes pressure, temperature, dew-point, visibility, sky condition, and wind observation, but there may also be additional data, data remarks, or data element quality sections.

The earliest data is for 1901. The earliest years have the least volume of data, a few hundred megabytes; the volume in the 1950s-early 1960s increased by a factor of 10-20; 1965-1972 shows a decrease because of a loss of data; beginning in 1973 with about 5 gigabytes of data, volume has gradually increased to about 20 gigabytes per year. There are now about 10,000 active stations.

466. ERA40 Monthly Mean Model Resolution Gridded Surface and Single Level Forecast Fields from ECMWF (ds122.0)

into dataset series based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

This dataset contains monthly means for 73 surface and single level variables from the forecast cycle of the ERA40 model. Means are available for the 3 and 6 hour forecasts for each synoptic hour (00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC) as well as a diurnal mean for the 6 hour forecast. All data has been archived on the reduced N80 Gaussian grid.

Monthly means have been computed for each analysis hour as well as a diurnal mean.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

467. ERA40 Model Resolution Gridded Surface and Single Level Forecast Fields from ECMWF (ds121.0)

This dataset contains 75 variables from the from the forecast cycle of the ERA-40 model. The forecasts extend out to 36 hours beginning from the 00 and 12 UTC analyses ...

and out to 6 hours beginning with the 06 and 18 UTC analyses. The analysis fields have been archived in ds117.0. All data are archived on an N80 reduced gaussian grid 4x a day.

The ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA40) is a global atmospheric analysis of many conventional observations and satellite data streams for the period Sept,1957- Aug,2002. There are numerous data products that are separated into dataset series based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications. Descriptions of the series organization and direct links to information about all ERA40 products are available.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

468. ERA40 T85 Monthly Mean Surface Analysis and Surface Forecast Fields, created at NCAR (ds126.0)

DS126.0 represents a dataset implemented and computed by NCAR's Data Support Section, and forms an essential part of efforts undertaken in late 2004, early 2005, to produce an archive of ...

selected segments of ERA-40 on a standard transformation grid.

In this case, forty seven ERA-40 monthly mean (designated as "MODA" or "moda" below) surface and single level analysis variables were transformed from a reduced N80 Gaussian grid to a 256x128 regular Gaussian grid. (These are further designated as "SURFACE", or "SURFACE/SINGLE LEVEL", or "SFC/sfc", variables below.) All fields were transformed using routines from the ECMWF EMOS library, including 10 meter winds which were treated as scalars because of a lack of 10 meter spectral vorticity and divergence. A missing value of 9.999e+20 occurs in the sea surface temperature and sea ice (SSTK and CI) fields to mask grid points occurring over land. Fields formerly archived as whole integers, such as vegetation indices and cloud cover, occur as integers plus a fractional part in the T85 version due to interpolation.

Twenty seven ERA-40 monthly mean (designated as "MODA" or "moda" below) surface and single level 6-hour forecast variables were transformed from a reduced N80 Gaussian grid to a 256x128 regular Gaussian grid. (These are further designated as "OTHER", or "othr", variables below.) Four of the variables are "instantaneous" variables, and the remaining twenty three variables are "accumulated" over the 6-hour forecast time. Divide the accumulated variables by 21600 seconds to obtain instantaneous values. (Multiplication by minus one may also be necessary to match the sign convention one is accustomed to.) All fields were transformed using routines from the ECMWF EMOS library, including three pairs of stresses which were treated as scalars because of a lack of spectral precursors.

In addition, all corresponding 00Z, 06Z, 12Z, and 18Z monthly mean surface and single level analysis variables and 6-hour forecast variables were also transformed to a T85 Gaussian grid (designated as "MNLY", "mnly", or "mnth" below)

All forecast variables are valid 6 hours after the forecast was initiated. Thus, 00Z 6-hour forecast evaporation is valid at 06Z. Divide the accumulated variables by 21600 seconds to obtain instantaneous values. (Multiplication by minus one may also be necessary to match the sign convention one is to.)

The choice of a T85 Gaussian grid was based on considerations of limiting the volume of new data generated to a moderate level, and to match the horizontal resolution of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) component of NCAR's Community Climate System Model (CCSM).

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

469. ERA40 T85 6-hourly Surface Analysis and Surface Forecast Fields, created at NCAR (ds124.0)

DS124.0 represents a dataset implemented and computed by NCAR's Data Support Section, and forms an essential part of efforts undertaken in late 2004, early 2005, to produce an archive of ...

selected segments of ERA-40 on a standard transformation grid.

In this case, forty six ERA-40 6-hourly surface and single level analysis variables were transformed from a reduced N80 Gaussian grid to a 256x128 regular Gaussian grid. (These are designated as "SURFACE", or "SURFACE/SINGLE LEVEL", or "SFC/sfc", variables below.) All fields were transformed using routines from the ECMWF EMOS library, including 10 meter winds which were treated as scalars because of a lack of 10 meter spectral vorticity and divergence. A missing value of 9.999e+20 occurs in the sea surface temperature and sea ice (SSTK and CI) fields to mask grid points occurring over land. Fields formerly archived as whole integers, such as vegetation indices and cloud cover, occur as integers plus a fractional part in the T85 version due to interpolation.

In addition, twenty seven ERA-40 6-hourly surface and single level 6-hour forecast variables were transformed from a reduced N80 Gaussian grid to a 256x128 regular Gaussian grid. (These are designated as "OTHER", or "othr", variables below.) All variables are valid 6 hours after the forecast was initiated. Thus, 00Z 6-hour forecast evaporation is valid at 06Z. Four of the variables are "instantaneous" variables, and the remaining twenty three variables are "accumulated" over the 6-hour forecast time. Divide the accumulated variables by 21600 seconds to obtain instantaneous values. (Multiplication by minus one may also be necessary to match the sign convention one is accustomed to.) All fields were transformed using routines from the ECMWF EMOS library, including three pairs of stresses which were treated as scalars because of a lack of spectral precursors.

The choice of a T85 Gaussian grid was based on considerations of limiting the volume of new data generated to a moderate level, and to match the horizontal resolution of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) component of NCAR's Community Climate System Model (CCSM).

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

470. WCRP and WWRP-THORPEX YOTC (Year of Tropical Convection) Project, Single Parameter 3-Hourly Surface Forecast Time Series, Transformed to a Regular 1600x800 (N400) Gaussian Grid (ds629.5)

471. ERA40 Model Resolution Gridded Surface, Vertical Integrals, and Other Single Level Fields from ECMWF (ds117.0)

into dataset series based on resolution, vertical coordinate reference, and likely research applications.

This dataset has been segmented into 4 archives:

Surface - 46 mostly surface and near surface fields, including 10m wind, 2m air temp, soil temp and moisture, cloud cover info
Vertical Integrals - 35 fields including column water vapor, column ozone, kinetic energy
Other - 27 fields, including precip, fluxes, radiation, stresses
LNSP - Log of the surface pressure

All data are archived on an N80 reduced gaussian grid 4x a day.

The ERA-Interim data from ECMWF is an update to the ERA-40 project. The ERA-Interim data starts in 1989 and has a higher horizontal resolution (T255, N128 nominally 0.703125 degrees) than the ERA-40 data (T159, N80 nominally 1.125 degrees). ERA-Interim is based on a more current model than ERA-40 and uses 4-D VAR (as apposed to 3-D VAR in ERA-40). ECMWF will continue to run the ERA-Interim model in near real time thru at least 2010, and possibly longer. This data is available in ds627.0.

472. ERA-Interim Project, Single Parameter 6-Hourly Surface Analysis and Surface Forecast Time Series (ds627.2)

ERA-Interim represents a major undertaking by ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) to produce a reanalysis with an improved atmospheric model and assimilation system which replaces those used in ...

ERA-40, particularly for the data-rich 1990's and 2000's, and to be continued as an ECMWF Climate Data Assimilation System (ECDAS) until superseded by a new extended reanalysis. Preliminary runs indicated that several of the inaccuracies exhibited by ERA-40 such as too-strong precipitation over oceans from the early 1990's onwards and a too-strong Brewer-Dobson circulation in the stratosphere, were eliminated or significantly reduced. Production of ERA-Interim, from 1989 onwards, began in summer of 2006. (The period 1979-1988 was prepended in 2011.)

Through systematic increases of computing power, 4-dimensional variational assimilation (4D-Var) became feasible and part of ECMWF operations since 1997, paving the way to base ERA-Interim on 4D-Var (rather than 3D-Var as in ERA-40). Enhanced computing power also allowed horizontal resolution to be increased from T159 (N80, nominally 1.125 degrees for ERA-40) to T255 (N128, nominally 0.703125 degrees), and the latest cycle of the atmospheric model (IFS Cy31r1/2) to be used, taking advantage of improved model physics. ERA-interim retains the same 60 model levels used for ERA-40 with the highest level being 0.1 hPa. In addition, data assimilation of ERA-Interim also benefits from quality control that draws on experience from ERA-40 and JRA-25, variational bias correction of satellite radiance data, and more extensive use of radiances with an improved fast radiative transfer model.

ERA-Interim uses sets of observations and boundary forcing fields acquired for ERA-40 through 2001, and from ECMWF operations thereafter. Noteworthy exceptions include new ERS (European Remote Sensing Satellite) altimeter wave heights, EUMETSAT (European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites) reprocessed winds and clear-sky radiances, GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) ozone data from the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, and CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload), GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), and COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) GPS radio occultation measurements processed and archived by UCAR (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research).

NCAR's Data Support Section (DSS) is performing and supplying a grid transformed version of ERA-Interim, in which variables originally represented as spectral coefficients or archived on a reduced Gaussian grid are transformed to a regular 512x256 N128 Gaussian grid. In addition, DSS is also computing horizontal winds (u,v) from spectral vorticity and divergence where these are available. Processing of single parameter 6-hourly surface analysis and surface forecast time series has been completed for January 1979 through February 2013 (inclusive), or at least 34 years, and will continue as ERA-Interim becomes available thereafter (please refer to the 'Period details by subset' tab immediately below for the time range currently available for each group). Data is currently available via NCAR's High Performance Storage System (HPSS), or by delayed mode request which transfers files from the HPSS to our web server for internet download, or via direct internet download, or NCAR's GLADE file system.

473. WCRP and WWRP-THORPEX YOTC (Year of Tropical Convection) Project, Single Parameter 6-Hourly Surface Analysis and Surface Forecast Time Series, Transformed to a Regular 1600x800 (N400) Gaussian Grid (ds629.1)

474. Japanese 25-year Reanalysis Project, Monthly Means (ds625.1)

The Japanese 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25) represents the first long-term global atmospheric reanalysis undertaken in Asia. Covering the period 1979-2004, it was completed using the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) numerical assimilation ...

and forecast system and specially collected and prepared observational and satellite data from many sources including the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), and the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) of JMA. A primary goal of JRA-25 is to provide a consistent and high-quality reanalysis dataset for climate research, monitoring, and operational forecasts, especially by improving the coverage and quality of analysis in the Asian region.

In JRA-25, three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) data assimilation and a global spectral model were employed to produce 6-hourly atmospheric analysis and forecast cycles. The global spectral model was based on a 320 x 160 (~1.125 degree) Gaussian grid with T106 truncation. Vertical discretization employed a hybrid sigma-pressure coordinate utilizing 40 levels where 0.4 hPa represents the model top level. A predictive mass-flux Arakawa-Schubert scheme was utilized for cumulus parameterization, and Simple Biosphere (SiB) parameterizations for land-surface processes. Assimilated variables include temperature, relative humidity, and surface pressure from conventional observations, and also winds retrieved from geostationary satellites, radiative brightness temperature from TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS), and precipitable water from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). Variables not directly assimilated include daily sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice based on Centennial in-situ Observation-Based Estimates (COBE), and ozone profiles based on chemical transport models constrained by observations from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS).

The JRA-25 shows marked improvement over previous reanalyses in several notable areas, especially predicted (both 6-hourly and long term) precipitation, with more realistic variability and fewer spurious trends due to contamination of satellite data by volcanic eruptions. JRA-25 is also the first reanalysis to assimilate wind profiles around tropical cyclones deduced from best-track data, resulting in improved tropical cyclone analysis in a global context. In addition, low-level (stratus) cloud decks along the western subtropical coasts of continents are also better simulated, improving radiation budgets in these regions.

In 2006, JMA started real-time operation of the JMA Climate Data Assimilation System (JCDAS). JCDAS employs the same system as JRA-25 and the data assimilation cycle is extended to the present time. JRA-25 and JCDAS products will enable users to conduct climate diagnostics with a long-term, and current, homogeneous reanalysis dataset. The JMA has also engaged in ongoing cooperation with ECMWF (European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) on reanalysis, including the ECMWF CDAS (ECDAS), more commonly known as ERA-Interim.

475. Japanese 25-year Reanalysis Project (ds625.0)

476. NCEP/NCAR Global Reanalysis Products, 1948-continuing (ds090.0)

Products from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project (NNRP or R1) are archived in this dataset. The resolution of the global Reanalysis Model is T62 (209 km) with 28 vertical sigma levels. Results ...

are available at 6 hour intervals. Although the initial plan is to reanalyze the data for a 40-year period (1957-1996), production has gone back to 1948 and going forward continuously. Future plans call for rerunning the entire period as next generation models are ready.

There are over 80 different variables, (including geopotential height, temperature, relative humidity, U and V wind components, etc.) in several different coordinate systems, such as 17 pressure level stack on 2.5x2.5 degree grids, 28 sigma level stack on 192x94 Gaussian grids, and 11 isentropic level stack on 2.5x2.5 degree grid. They are organized as different subgroups in the archive. In addition to analyses, diagnostic terms (for example: radiative heating, convective heating) and accumulative variables (like precipitation rate) are present. The input observations are archived with quality/usage flags in WMO BUFR format. Most of the project outputs are stored in WMO GRIB format. Other files, such as restart files and zonal statistics, are saved in IEEE format.

Some special periods are analyzed more than once to provide data for special research studies. For example, a special NOSAT run of 1979 was made excluding most satellite inputs. This run could be used for evaluating the impact of satellite data on the analysis. During TOGA-COARE experiment period, special runs of reanalysis model without (NOEXP) experimental data are archived under TOGA-COARE directory.

For details and problems, see NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis TOGA-COARE. Monthly means are on line at ds090.2. The R1 forecasts are in ds090.1 dataset.

477. ERA-Interim Project, Monthly Means (ds627.1)

ERA-40, particularly for the data-rich 1990's and 2000's, and to be continued as an ECMWF Climate Data Assimilation System (ECDAS) until superseded by a new extended reanalysis. Preliminary runs indicated that several of the inaccuracies exhibited by ERA-40 such as too-strong precipitation over oceans from the early 1990's onwards and a too-strong Brewer-Dobson circulation in the stratosphere, were eliminated or significantly reduced. Production of ERA-Interim, from 1989 onwards, began in summer of 2006. (The period 1979-1988 was prepended in 2011.)

Through systematic increases of computing power, 4-dimensional variational assimilation (4D-Var) became feasible and part of ECMWF operations since 1997, paving the way to base ERA-Interim on 4D-Var (rather than 3D-Var as in ERA-40). Enhanced computing power also allowed horizontal resolution to be increased from T159 (N80, nominally 1.125 degrees for ERA-40) to T255 (N128, nominally 0.703125 degrees), and the latest cycle of the atmospheric model (IFS Cy31r1/2) to be used, taking advantage of improved model physics. ERA-interim retains the same 60 model levels used for ERA-40 with the highest level being 0.1 hPa. In addition, data assimilation of ERA-Interim also benefits from quality control that draws on experience from ERA-40 and JRA-25, variational bias correction of satellite radiance data, and more extensive use of radiances with an improved fast radiative transfer model.

ERA-Interim uses sets of observations and boundary forcing fields acquired for ERA-40 through 2001, and from ECMWF operations thereafter. Noteworthy exceptions include new ERS (European Remote Sensing Satellite) altimeter wave heights, EUMETSAT (European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites) reprocessed winds and clear-sky radiances, GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) ozone data from the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, and CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload), GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), and COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) GPS radio occultation measurements processed and archived by UCAR (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research).

NCAR's Data Support Section (DSS) is performing and supplying a grid transformed version of ERA-Interim, in which variables originally represented as spectral coefficients or archived on a reduced Gaussian grid are transformed to a regular 512x256 N128 Gaussian grid. In addition, DSS is also computing horizontal winds (u,v) from spectral vorticity and divergence where these are available. Processing of monthly mean analysis groups and the surface forecast has been completed for January 1979 through December 2010 (inclusive), and will continue as ERA-Interim becomes available thereafter (please refer to the 'Period details by subset' tab immediately below for the time range currently available for each group). Data is currently available via NCAR's High Performance Storage System (HPSS), or by delayed mode request which transfers files from the HPSS to our web server for internet download, or via direct internet download, or NCAR's GLADE file system.

478. ECMWF's Operational Model Analysis, starting in 2011 (ds113.0)

Europen Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric operational model analyses and products derived from ...

short-term forecasts.

These data are archived at the highest resolution of the data assimilation and forecast system. The free atmospheric data are on constant pressure surfaces and there are many surface fields, single level integrated fields, and boundary layer fields.

This dataset is an extension of the older and lower resolution ECMWF operational output datasets in the NCAR Research Data Archive,

479. WCRP and WWRP-THORPEX YOTC (Year of Tropical Convection) Project (ds629.0)

480. ERA-Interim Project (ds627.0)

ERA-40, particularly for the data-rich 1990's and 2000's, and to be continued as an ECMWF Climate Data Assimilation System (ECDAS) until superseded by a new extended reanalysis. Preliminary runs indicated that several of the inaccuracies exhibited by ERA-40 such as too-strong precipitation over oceans from the early 1990's onwards and a too-strong Brewer-Dobson circulation in the stratosphere, were eliminated or significantly reduced. Production of ERA-Interim, from 1989 onwards, began in summer of 2006. (The period 1979-1988 was prepended in 2011.)

Through systematic increases of computing power, 4-dimensional variational assimilation (4D-Var) became feasible and part of ECMWF operations since 1997, paving the way to base ERA-Interim on 4D-Var (rather than 3D-Var as in ERA-40). Enhanced computing power also allowed horizontal resolution to be increased from T159 (N80, nominally 1.125 degrees for ERA-40) to T255 (N128, nominally 0.703125 degrees), and the latest cycle of the atmospheric model (IFS Cy31r1/2) to be used, taking advantage of improved model physics. ERA-interim retains the same 60 model levels used for ERA-40 with the highest level being 0.1 hPa. In addition, data assimilation of ERA-Interim also benefits from quality control that draws on experience from ERA-40 and JRA-25, variational bias correction of satellite radiance data, and more extensive use of radiances with an improved fast radiative transfer model.

ERA-Interim uses sets of observations and boundary forcing fields acquired for ERA-40 through 2001, and from ECMWF operations thereafter. Noteworthy exceptions include new ERS (European Remote Sensing Satellite) altimeter wave heights, EUMETSAT (European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites) reprocessed winds and clear-sky radiances, GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) ozone data from the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, and CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload), GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), and COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) GPS radio occultation measurements processed and archived by UCAR (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research).

NCAR's Data Support Section (DSS) is performing and supplying a grid transformed version of ERA-Interim, in which variables originally represented as spectral coefficients or archived on a reduced Gaussian grid are transformed to a regular 512x256 N128 Gaussian grid. In addition, DSS is also computing horizontal winds (u,v) from spectral vorticity and divergence where these are available. Processing of analysis groups and the surface forecast has been completed for January 1979 through February 2013 (inclusive), or at least 34 years, and will continue as ERA-Interim becomes available thereafter (please refer to the 'Period details by subset' tab immediately below for the time range currently available for each group). Data is currently available via NCAR's High Performance Storage System (HPSS), or by delayed mode request which transfers files from the HPSS to our web server for internet download, or via direct internet download, or NCAR's GLADE file system.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
481. Waliser and Zhou Satellite ECT-Corrected Monthly Tropical OLR and HRC Datasets (ds684.0)

Gridded analyses of OLR (Outgoing Longwave Radiation) and HRC (Highly Reflective Cloud) anomalies wherein the bias due to changing equatorial crossing times has been estimated and removed. The OLR data ...

is available for 30N-30S and the HRC is availalbe for 24N-24S. This dataset also contains long term monthly climatologies for both OLR and HRC.

Note that this dataset is obsolete and users should use dataset ds684.1 instead.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
482. Warren's Global Climatological Cloud Data, by Surface Observations 1982-91 (ds292.1)

TOTAL CLOUD Edition

Superseded by the Extended Edited Synoptic Cloud Report Archive. See RELATED Datasets below.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
483. Rudolf's WCRP Global Preliminary Precipitation Analyses, monthly 1987-1988 (ds239.0)

This is a monthly merged precipitaion data set. The data has been merged from rain gauge measurements, IR, SSMI and the ECMWF model results. Contact Data Support at NCAR to ...

obtain more information on the blending scheme. Note that these are only preliminary results.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
484. Arctic surface temperature and pressure from Argos buoys (ds256.2)

University of Washington Polar Science Center ARGOS buoy data for January-June and October-December 1987. This data is supplied by the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Dataset includes gridded surface ...

temperature for 1979-1986 and pressure for 1979-1990.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
485. Warren's Global Climatological Cloud Data, 1930-1983Nov (ds292.0)

Total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over both land and ocean, based on data from FNOC ...

and COADS.

Superseded by the Extended Edited Synoptic Cloud Report Archive. See RELATED DATASETS below.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
486. ECMWF WMO Global Tropospheric Analyses, daily 1980-1989 (ds110.0)

This dataset contains output from the ECMWF global analysis model for 1980-1989. Output is archived twice daily, at 00 and 12Z. The data is output on a 2.5 latitude x ...

2.5 degree longitude grid. There are 5 variables output at 7 levels in the atmosphere. This dataset also contains monthly mean grids, which were derived in U.S.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
487. U.S.A.F. ETAC Global Tropospheric and Stratospheric Monthly Climatologies (ds220.0)

Dean Bowman of the USAF Environmental Technical Applications Center (ETAC) created these monthly climatologies of temperature and winds for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and geopotential height for the ...

Northern Hemisphere. Generally, the data input period from approximately 150 stations was the 5-year period from January 1956 through December 1960, but some data into 1962 was also used.

The data are available on 5-degree latitude/longitude grids separately for each hemisphere, and for eight vertical pressure levels from 850 mbar up to 50 mbar.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
488. Arctic Surface Temperature Analyses, monthly, by Walsh (ds222.0)

Monthly analysis of Arctic surface temperature.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
489. Australian Southern Hemisphere 500mb Heights, 1968Jun-1977Aug (ds108.3)

This dataset contains 500mb heights for the Southern Hemisphere for the period June 1968 to August 1977. The grid has a resolution of 10 degrees in the longitudinal direction and ...

5 degrees in the latitudinal direction and covers the hemisphere from 15S to the South Pole.

The data were received from the Australian Numerical Meteorology Research Centre.

Unless you have a special interest in this dataset, DSS recommends that you use one of our reanalysis datasets, such as ds090.0. That's because those are based on a more complete collection of observations, improved analysis methods, and are provided in a common modern format (GRIB).

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
490. Sadler's Tropical Wind Climatology, 1960-1973 (ds208.0)

Long term monthly mean winds which Sadler derived from his collection of aircraft data (which we have in DS365.0.) and average rawindsonde data. The aircraft data were obtained from ...

two sources: operational GTS reports collected in Honolulu and the FHWF; and aircraft logs from many routes which often were not reported over the GTS. The aircraft winds were summarized for each month in 5-degree latitude-longitude squares. The average monthly rawindsonde data were then combined with these in manual analyses of streamlines and isotachs. The 2.5- degree grids of wind speed and direction were manually read from these.

Unless you have a special interest in this dataset, DSS recommends that you use one of our reanalysis datasets, such as ds090.2. That's because those are based on a more complete collection of observations, improved analysis methods, and are provided in a common modern format (GRIB).

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
491. NMC Global Upper Air and Surface Observations for GATE, 1974Jun-Sep (ds353.2)

Extracted from other data sources, in support of the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE).

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
492. Global Time Series Radiosonde Observations, daily 1948-con (ds390.0)

Sounding data collected from various areas of the world including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, India, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, and ...

United Kingdom.

This dataset has been superseded by ds370.0.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
493. NMC Global Tropospheric Analyses, daily 1974Dec-1976Jun (ds081.0)

Flattery's global analysis scheme, using second version of ...

Hough coefficients.

MORE

Unless you have a special interest in this dataset, DSS recommends that you use one of our reanalysis datasets, such as ds090.0. That's because those are based on a more complete collection of observations, improved analysis methods, and are provided in a common modern format (GRIB).

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
494. NMC Global Tropospheric Analyses, daily 1972Nov-1974Sep (ds080.0)

Flattery's analysis scheme, using second version of ...

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
495. Daily Northern Hemisphere 47x51 Forecast Grids, sporadically between November 1967 and December 1971 (ds062.0)

This dataset contains various daily NMC forecast grids on a 47x51 Northern Hemisphere polar-stereographic grid centered on the North Pole. Grids on various tropospheric levels and layers contain parameters which ...

include geopotential height, temperature, wind, surface and sea-level pressure, vertical motion, and stream functions, and they are available for sporadic periods between November 1967 and December 1971.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
496. Australian Southern Hemisphere Tropospheric Analyses, daily 1972Apr-1992 (ds108.0)

From the Australian National Meteorological Research Centre, twice daily Southern Hemisphere grids on a polar stereographic projection. DSS derived the monthly mean grids. Later and ongoing data may be available ...

directly from ABM.

Unless you have a special interest in this dataset, DSS recommends that you use one of our reanalysis datasets, such as ds090.0. That's because those are based on a more complete collection of observations, improved analysis methods, and are provided in a common modern format (GRIB).

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
497. Global heat budget atlas, climatology and monthly, by Oberhuber (ds541.0)

Monthly global grids of data, derived fluxes, and anomalies were prepared from the COADS data.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
498. Global Ocean Surface Temperature Atlas (GOSTA), and Land Surface Atlas (ds289.1)

GOSTAplus (Atlas 8) and the Blended Land Surface and SST Atlas were taked from the GOSTAplus CD-ROM received at NCAR February 1998. The period of record for these grids ...

is 1851-1995.

The sea and land surface temperature portions of this data collection, which span 1856 to 1995, have in general been superseded by continued developments of HadISST (DS277.3) , and Jones' Monthly Global Surface Temperature (DS215.0) .

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
499. NCEP ODAS Tropical Pacific Ocean Monthly Analyses (ds277.1)

Monthly average fields derived from weekly analysis using the NCEP Ocean-Data Assimilation System (ODAS).

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
500. NCDC TD9685 Global Surface Observations (from USAF DATSAV), hourly 1967-1980 (ds463.0)

Global surface observations for many stations in modified SYNOP format, primarily derived from USAF(ETAC) DATSAV format by Dick Davis at ...

NCDC.

This dataset has been superseded by ds463.3.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
501. Tropical Marine Climatic Atlas, by Sadler (ds272.0)

Monthly Climatology based on 1900-1979 COADS 2x2 degree monthly summary data, and in the case of surface pressure the NCAR 5x5 long term climatology.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
502. U.S.A.F. DATSAV Surface Observations, 1973-1981 (ds463.1)

Global surface observations from USAF(ETAC) at NCDC in DATSAV3 format. This set is superseded by ds463.2.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
503. U.S.A.F. DATSAV3 Surface Observations, 1901-continuing (ds463.2)

This ASCII data set (DATSAV3) is produced at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) from a USAF binary set (DATSAV2), a collection of worldwide surface weather observations from sources such ...

as the the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) and Automated Weather Network (AWN). The Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) decoded most of the collected observations for the Air Force Combat Climatology Center (AFCCC) where final decoding, validation, and quality control created DATSAV2.

Manadatory data includes pressure, temperature, visibility, sky condition, and wind observation, but there may also be additional data, data remarks, or data element quality sections.

NCDC provides quarterly updates to DSS, usually with a two-month delay. The earliest data is for 1901. The earliest years have the least volume of data, a few hundred megabytes; the volume in the 1950s-early 1960s increased by a factor of 10-20; 1965-1972 shows a decrease because of a loss of data; beginning in 1973 with about 5 gigabytes of data, volume has gradually increased to about 20 gigabytes per year. There are now about 10,000 active stations.

Similar data sets prepared by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) are ds464.0 (beginning February 1975), and ds461.0 (beginning April 2000).

This dataset has been superseded by ds463.3.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
504. Monthly Northern Hemisphere 72x19 Tropospheric Analyses, continuing from April 1947 (ds085.1)

This dataset contains a time-series collection of monthly mean gridded Northern Hemisphere tropospheric data on a 5-degree latitude/longitude grid. This collection was assembled and computed by DSS from the daily ...

grids of various operational models and meteorological projects. The daily grids are located in ds195.1.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
505. U.S. Navy FNOC Northern Hemisphere Surface Analyses, daily 1969Sep-1993Dec (ds240.1)

Fleet Numerical Oceanographic Center in Monterey California prepares many analyses, from which we receive this surface subset on a 63x63 grid. It includes sea surface temperature, air surface temperature, ...

surface vapor pressure, 19.5m surface winds, and sea level pressure.

Unless you have a special interest in this dataset, DSS recommends that you use one of our reanalysis datasets, such as ds090.0. That's because those are based on a more complete collection of observations, improved analysis methods, and are provided in a common modern format (GRIB).

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
506. Global Oceanographic Data Set Atlas, climatologies, by Samuels and Cox GFDL (ds279.0)

Samuel and Cox (GFDL) took 15 commonly used data sets for ocean models and put them on a uniform 1x1 degree grid. Original data sources include Levitus, Hellerman, Esbensen and ...

Kushnir to name just a few.

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
507. South African Southern Hemisphere Tropospheric Analyses, daily 1977Aug-1981Mar (ds107.0)

From the Republic of South Africa Weather Bureau, twice daily Southern Hemisphere grids on a polar ...

stereographic projection.

Unless you have a special interest in this dataset, DSS recommends that you use one of our reanalysis datasets, such as ds090.0. That's because those are based on a more complete collection of observations, improved analysis methods, and are provided in a common modern format (GRIB).

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
508. U.S. Navy FNOC Southern Hemisphere Tropospheric Analyses, daily 1974Aug-1993Dec (ds240.6)

Prepared by Fleet Numerical Oceanographic Center in ...

Monterey California.

Unless you have a special interest in this dataset, DSS recommends that you use one of our reanalysis datasets, such as ds090.0. That's because those are based on a more complete collection of observations, improved analysis methods, and are provided in a common modern format (GRIB).

For ancillary use only - not recommended as a primary research dataset. It has likely been superseded by newer and better datasets.
509. NCEP FNL Operational Model Global Tropospheric Analyses, near surface subset, daily 1976Jul-1997Apr12 (ds082.1)

These NCEP FNL (Final) Operational Global Analysis data are on pairs of 2.5x2.5 degree hemispheric grids every twelve hours. This product was from the Global Forecast System (GFS) that was ...

run operationally in near-real time at NCEP. DSS prepared this surface subset from ds082.0.

The analyses are available on the surface, at 1000mb and a boundary layer. Parameters include surface pressure, sea level pressure, geopotential height, temperature, sea surface temperature, potential temperature, relative humidity, snow depth (weekly, Northern Hemisphere only), and u- and v-winds.

More information is available.